2o8 THE OX AND ITS KINDRED 
''Yak prefer the latter, and are rarely found far 
away from it except when on the move. These bovines 
are, of course, ridiculously easy to see and quite un- 
mistakable when seen. Bulls and cows are not 
readily distinguishable at a distance. The males 
stand higher and are bigger all round, having 
especially much bigger necks than the cows. They 
have also bushier tails, and their horns are thicker, 
and do not, like the cows' horns, have a marked 
terminal upward curve. . . . 
" The biggest bulls are usually found alone or 
with one or two companions of their own sex, except 
in the late autumn, when they join the herds. It 
must be admitted that the yak, uncouth, hirsute, 
and monstrous as he is, fails somewhat in dignity of 
appearance. His head is set on too low, while the 
matted fringe of hair falling down from his flanks 
and quarters like petticoats, and the great bush of 
hair at the end of his tail, give him an aspect more 
* prehistoric ' than majestic." 
According to the same writer, wild yak, owing to 
the incessant pursuit on the part of European sports- 
men, have now been driven from Chang-Chenmo and 
other parts of Ladak, so that they are no longer 
found — or, at all events, only as occasional stragglers 
— in Kashmir territory. It is hinted, moreover, that 
they have even been driven away to some extent 
from those portions of Chinese Tibet lying adjacent 
to the Kashmir frontier, so that they are to be found 
in numbers only in the interior of the latter country, 
where they are more or less secure from the rifle 
of the European sportsman. 
When the aurochs inhabited Europe it was 
accompanied throughout the greater part of its range 
