EXISTING KINDS OF WILD CATTLE 231 
tamarao resembles other Asiatic buffaloes in having 
the hair on the middle line of the neck and back 
directed forwards, instead of backwards, as far as 
the loins, where a whorl marks the change in the 
slope. Standing about feet in height at the 
shoulder, this buffalo is clothed with a relatively 
thick coat of blackish brown hair, marked in some 
instances with a white gorget on the throat. The 
horns, which are relatively short and massive, 
approximate in character to those of the circular- 
horned race of the arna. Another small buffalo, 
from the island of Calamianes, in the Philippines, 
has been described by Dr. A. Nehring^ as B. 
mcellendorffi. 
Whatever doubt may exist as to the right of the 
Mindoro buffalo to represent a species, there can 
be none in the case of the anoa or pigmy buffalo 
{B. depressicomis), of the island of Celebes, which is 
the smallest of all wild cattle, being of about the 
same size as the dwarf Gaini domesticated humped 
cattle of India, and standing only about 3 feet 3 inches 
at the shoulder, although rather higher at the loins. 
Despite its slender build, as compared with larger 
cattle, its small, neat ears, and upwardly-directed 
horns, which incline upwards and outwards in the 
plane of the face, without any distinct curvature, 
the anoa is essentially a buffalo, whose affinities are 
with the Indian species. The horns, for instance, 
are triangular and of the same general type as in the 
arna ; and if the Philippine tamarao be a valid 
species, the gradation from the form characteristic of 
the arna to that of the anoa is practically complete. 
The direction of the hair on the middle line of the 
^ Sitzber. Ges. naturfor. Freunde, Berlin, 1894, p. 185. 
