238 THE OX AND ITS KINDRED 
to mention that the African buffalo, throughout its 
manifold variations in size, colour, and the shape of the 
horns, is always distinguishable at a glance from any 
of the Asiatic members of the group by the uniformly 
backward direction of the hair on the middle line 
of the neck and back, and likewise by the large and 
heavily fringed ears ; while in all cases the horns 
have their front basal margins much expanded in the 
vertical direction, and more or less approximated to 
each other. 
As already mentioned, in the Ankoli or Uganda 
race of the species the horn-bases are much flattened, 
although the horns themselves retain the backward 
flexure characteristic of the typical southern buffalo. 
In the neighbourhood of Lake Kivu, which lies due 
west of the Victoria Nyanza and south-south-west of 
the Albert Nyanza, there occurs, however, a member of 
the group of short-horned buffaloes, which has been 
named B. caffei^ matthewsi. In all this group the 
horns are relatively short, and directed outwards at 
first nearly in the plane of the forehead, so that they 
lack the marked backward recession of the middle 
portion characteristic of the large-horned races. 
In the Kivu buffalo the colour of the skin and hair 
is black, with a white tail-tip, and the horns are 
separated on the middle line of the forehead by a 
comparatively narrow strip of skin. 
Not very far away from the Kivu buffalo occurs a 
specially interesting race, which typically inhabits 
the Semliki Forest, and is characterised by the red 
colour of the hair in immature individuals of both 
sexes, although fully adult bulls appear to become 
blackish brown. Cows, on the other hand, may be 
permanently red, although this is not definitely 
