SOME EXTINCT CATTLE 
25S 
and most remarkable of these Siwalik forms of 
typical oxen is one for which I proposed the name 
B, acutifrons in the year 1877.^ From the aurochs 
and its relatives this Siwalik ox is distinguished by 
the sharp longitudinal ridge down the middle of the 
forehead, the approximation of the sockets of the 
eyes to the bases of the horn-cores, and the outward 
direction of the latter, which sweep away from each 
side of the forehead in a bold arch, and are pear- 
shaped in section. Unfortunately these horn-cores 
are very imperfect in the skull from which the species 
was named, but it may be inferred that when com- 
plete they probably measured from 10 to 11 feet 
from tip to tip. A second and smaller Siwalik skull 
was described by myself at the same time as represent- 
ing another species, under the name of B. planifrons^ 
in allusion to the flattened form of the forehead. 
More or less nearly perfect skulls of a very remark- 
able type of ox have been obtained from the alluvial 
Upper Pliocene deposits of the Val d'Arno in Tus- 
cany, and other remains of the same species from 
the corresponding formations of southern France. 
This extinct Etruscan ox {B. elatus^ or B. etruscus) 
represents a distinct subgenus known as Leptobos, and 
is characterised by the absence of horns in the cows, 
and by those of the bulls arising on each side of the 
skull from a point nearly midway between the 
occiput and the socket of the eye, the skull itself 
being also remarkable for its shortness. In height 
the Etruscan ox was probably about equal to the 
bantin. In the bulls the horn-cores curve in a 
regular sweep outwards, upwards, and finally inwards, 
^ Rec. GeoL Surv. India, vol. x. p. 30, 1877 ; see also supra, p. 166, 
where doubt of the validity of the species is suggested. 
