SOME EXTINCT CATTLE 257 
up, when viewed in profile, in a kind of dome-shaped 
elevation. 
The great extinct bison {B. prisons) of the caverns 
and gravels of England and the superficial forma- 
tions of Europe generally differs from the living 
species by the enormous size of the horns. The 
forehead of the skull is relatively broad and flat, and 
the bony cores of the horns are not inclined back- 
wards at their bases, which are situated nearly in the 
plane of the front borders of the sockets of the eyes 
The long horn-cores generally curve forwards to 
some extent, although their main direction is out- 
wards ; but in some instances they are straighter and 
inclined more upwards. In England, remains of the 
species range in time from the gravels of Barrington, 
near Cambridge, and the brick-earths of Ilford, in 
Essex, to the forest-bed of Cromer, Norfolk, which is 
older than either of the other formations. In Europe, 
its range in space included the British Isles, France, 
Italy, Germany, and parts of Russia, and it doubtless 
extended into south-western Asia. 
On the walls of the cavern of Font-de-Gaume, in 
the department of the Dordogne, southern France, 
the men of the older stone age (palaeolithic) depicted 
what apparently represent two distinct types of 
bison.^ One of these corresponds fairly well in 
contour with the living European bison. The other 
type is distinguished by the great falling away of 
the hind-quarters, the enormous development of the 
hump on the withers, which forms two distinct 
prominences, the shorter tail, and the longer head. 
In fact, were it not for the great length of the horns, 
^ See Capitan and Breuil, Compt. Rendus Acad. Set, Parisy 
vol. cxxxiv. pp. 1 536-1 539, 1902. 
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