266 THE OX AND ITS KINDRED 
Johnston reproduces two outline figures of the 
extinct African buffalo incised on rock-faces near 
Tiout, south Algeria. The sketches, the age of which 
is unknown, appear to have been made by a people 
related to the modern Berbers, but living under 
conditions similar to those prevalent during the 
Neolithic or early Metal age in Europe. Sir Harry 
Johnston states that he was informed by one of the 
professors at the University of Algiers that other 
rock-pictures show this buffalo domesticated by 
a tribe acquainted with the use of metal ; a 
circumstance which renders it all the more remark- 
able that the species should have become extinct 
before the time of Carthaginian and Roman history. 
It may be added that the intermediate characters 
presented by the extinct Algerian species tend to 
show that the proposal to separate generically (or 
subgenerically) the African from the Indian buffalo 
is unnecessary. 
Confirmation of Riitimeyer's view of the affinity 
of the extinct Algerian buffalo is afforded by a 
gigantic long-horned skull from the superficial 
deposits of Cape Colony described by Professor 
H. G. Seeley^ under the name of Bubalus bainiy 
which appears to be nothing more than a southern 
race of the northern species. If this be so, the 
former should be known as Bos a^itiquus baini. 
A very remarkable species is the Siwalik buffalo 
{B. platyceros) from the Siwalik deposits of northern 
India, which is unlike any living member of the 
group, and characterised by the nearly flat forehead, 
and the widely separated and strongly triangular 
horn-cores. These are set very obliquely on the 
1 Geological Magazitie, London, decade 3, vol. viii. p. 192, 1891. 
