SOME EXTINCT CATTLE 267 
forehead, situated more in advance of the plane of 
the occiput than in the living arna, and with their 
front surface in the plane of the forehead. They 
taper rapidly and regularly, and are directed up- 
wards and outwards, in symmetrical curve, with 
an approximate tip-to-tip interval of 29 or 30 
inches. Although markedly distinct, this species 
comes much nearer to the Indian than to the African 
buffalo. 
In addition to B. platyceros the Siwalik formations 
have yielded skulls of at least two smaller buffaloes 
which were evidently related to the Philippine tamarao 
and the Celebesian anoa. In Falconer's tamarao 
{B. acuticornis) the skull is of much the same size as 
that of the Philippine B. mindorensis^ but the horn- 
cores are more distinctly triangular in section, with 
the front outer angle intruding more on to the frontal 
aspect of the skull, so that the proper front surface 
of the horn looks to a great extent upwards instead 
of almost directly forwards. The horn-cores are 
relatively long and slender, and incline upwards and 
outwards with the front outer angle, or ridge, forming 
a subspiral ridge, which rises near the middle line of 
the base. The second species, known as the Siwalik 
tamarao [B. triqtcetricoj'nis), has the horn-cores rising 
from a more pronounced ridge on the vertex of the 
skull, and sloping more away from the plane of the 
forehead, so that their proper frontal surface looks 
more towards the frontal aspect, as in the Philippine 
tamarao. In the typical skull of this species the 
horn-cores are distinctly triangular in section, but in 
one described as B. occipitalis the front outer angle is 
rounded off, so as to produce a pear-shaped section, 
while the tips curve forwards. 
