58 
HEMOLYMPH NODES OF THE SHEEP 
teric nodes from the periphery never resulted in injection of the veins, 
even when the efferent lymphatic trunk was clamped. 
From all these considerations it is evident that there is no lack of 
abundant explanation for the occurrence of erythrocytes in the sinuses 
and parenchyma of lymph node — much less for the reddening — entirely 
aside from questions of disease, the assumption of intra-nodal lymphatico- 
venous communications, or the formation of erythrocytes within lymph 
nodes, under normal conditions. 
Classification 
Saltykow [25] and Retterer, working with human material, pro- 
nounced against the specific character of the hemolymph nodes. Their 
opinion was confirmed later by Vincent and (Harrison [28], who, from 
their work on bovines and sheep, concluded that hemolymph glands are 
modified lymph glands, and that they develop from them. A similar posi- 
tion is taken by Meek [17], who declared that "it seems unreasonable that 
human 'hemolymph' glands should be classed as a separate category." If 
these conclusions are correct it is evident, of course, that what have been 
repeatedly described in man as hemolymph nodes are nothing but modified 
lymph nodes. However, Warthin not only distinguished lymph and hemo- 
lymph nodes in man, but described three classes in the latter and also 
differentiated spleno- and marrow lymph nodes, both of which classes 
were said to be in connection with the lymphatic system. In spite of 
these facts, Warthin nevertheless declared that only the second class, or 
marrow lymph glands, were organs sui generis. Warthin further stated 
that the long axis of marrow lymph nodes usually lay parallel to the adja- 
cent vessel. How it is possible to regard some and not other hemal nodes 
as organs sui generis while maintaining the occurrence of transition and 
combination forms, is not clear to the writer. Nor is it clear how those 
who reported the occurrence of lymphatics in hemal nodes satisfied them- 
selves that the assumed nodes really were hemal nodes, or that the lymph 
spaces really were lymphatic spaces, without actually demonstrating their 
relation to the lymphatic system. In contrast to Warthin, v Schumacher, 
who also observed all manner of transition forms between lymph and 
hemolymph nodes as far as the relations of the lymphatics are concerned, 
regarded the latter as rudimentary or undeveloped lymph nodes, and hence 
consistently pronounced against their being organs sui generis, v Schu- 
macher distinguished only two kinds of lymph nodes, viz. ( 1 ) those with, 
and (2) those without lymph vessels, both of which classes may contain 
erythrocytes in the sinuses and parenchyma, and believed in a transform- 
