— 41 — 
inside the roll of liver (figure 4). (Figures 8 and 4 are reproduced 
on a scale half that of figures 1 and 2.) 
Conclusion. 
The outstanding feature of all these manipulations practised 
during the 21st dynasty is the obvious intention of the embalmers 
to restore to the body the form it had during life, to make the skin 
complete and also to give to the whole mummy not only the form 
but the appearance of the person as he was in life. " Allé (deine) 
Glieder sind embalsamirt in der Halle des [ ] vondem Hirsescht 
Anubis als ein embalsamirer, dem Herrn der Tiefe von Toser. Er 
machte wohl dein Fleisch, er [ ] deine Haut, er conserviste 
(deine) Gebeine, er liess allé deine Glieder verjiingen in Westen" 
(Brugsch's translation of the Rhind Papyri, op. ait. supra, 25). 
These operations were performed quite regardless of sex or 
age. I have found the limbs stuffed in men and women, in boys 
and girls, and even in a new-born babe. 
In most cases the intention is clearly shown of making as few 
openings as possible on the surface of the body. Thus the legs 
were stuffed from the abdominal cavity, the back from the flank 
wound, the neck from the body cavity ; and so in respect of most 
of the packing operations, the embalmer was willing to attempt 
manipulations of very great technical difficulty rather than make 
extra skin wounds for the purpose of stuffing the body directly. 
But at times this general rule was departed from ; as, for example, 
in the case of the mummy represented in PI. Y, where incisions 
were made in such unusual places as the back of the shoulders, 
the buttocks, the elbows and knees. In the case of the new born 
baby it was apparently difficult or impossible to pack the right 
leg from the opening made in the body cavity (in the left iliac 
region) so a second opening was made on the right side and 
through it linen was passed into the leg as far as the calf. 
