— 24 — 
the side of the chest and part of the back between the scapula 
and the upper dorsal spmes are stuffed through this opening. The 
packing material may be linen (PI. XIII, figure 1), mud, (PI. IV) 
sand, sawdust or a mixture of any two or aU of these substances. 
In some cases — though this is very rare — a second incision 
w^as made either behind or to the inner side of the elbow and 
fi'om this the forearm was packed (figure 1, h and PI. V, figure 
1, 3 and PI. VI, figure 3). 
It often happens that the forearms are not stuffed at all and in 
three cases in which all other parts of the body were packed no 
attempt had been made to treat the arms (Pi. V III, figure 1 ) . In only 
one case have I seen any packing in the hands (figure 3, A). In 
this instance sawdust had been packed from the shoulder-aperture 
not only into the flexor but also into the extensor aspect of the 
forearm beyond the wrist as far as the distal extremities of the 
metacarpal bones of the middle and ring fingers. 
The Packing of the Back. 
The stuffing of the back is almost as often practised as the 
packing of the thighs and more often than that of the arms. 
It may be accomplished in a variety of ways. The more usual 
method of performing this operation is as foUow^s : — the skin is 
separated from the nmscular wall of the abdomen in the posterior 
lip of the embalming wound in the left flank (PI. X, figure 
and a broad channel is then made upward toward the space 
between the shoulders and downw^ard into each buttock (figures 1 
and 2, RQ and PI. VII, figure 2 and PI. IX figure 4) ; into 
this space mud is then stuffed, in most cases in very large quan- 
tities (PI. X, figure 2). Sometimes this packing is restricted to 
the loins and buttocks, but at other times it extends as high as 
the shoulders. Sometimes the buttocks are stuffed in other ways : 
