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incisions made around the heels at the junction of the plantar 
with the posterior surface (figure 1, E ; PI. XI, figure 3) : in an- 
other case a small incision was made on the inner aspect of each 
heel alongside the tendo Achilles. In addition to these openings 
a deep cleft was almost invariably made between the great and 
second toes (figures 1 and 2, / and PI. XI, figure 2) and from it 
the sole and in some cases the phalangeal region of the dorsum 
pedis were stuffed with linen or mud (figure 2, (J). 
The treatment of these various wounds varied considerably. 
As a rule they are merely smeared with a resinous paste either 
with or without the previous apposition of their edges ; in other 
cases the openings are closed by a running suture of hempen 
string (PI. XI, figure 1 and PI. YI, figure 2) ; and in some cases 
oblong strips of linen are placed over the wounds and fixed by 
means of a resinous paste. In one case a large ulcer on the dorsum 
of the foot had been stuffed with butter such as is often found in 
the mouth. 
The Packing of the Arms. 
The arms were almost invariably packed through an opening 
which was made in the neighbourhood of the shoulder, (figures 
1, 2 and 3, a). It may be at the top, alongside the acromion 
process ; it may be lower down and as far back as the posterior 
border of the deltoid or as far forward as its anterior border, or 
even as far as the mid-point of the clavicle ; or it may be lower 
still near the insertion of the deltoid. Its size, shape and direc- 
tion are as variable as its position : it may be gaping or closed, 
stitched, merely smeared with resinous paste, covered with a 
patch of linen or plugged with a linen pad (PI. XII, PI. IV 
PI. XIII). 
In most cases the arm and forearm (as far as the neighbourhood 
of the wrist), the pectoral region, the axilla and a small area of 
