- 21 — 
knee and as a rule much lower still : it wound round the inner 
side of the leg to the back of the knee (popliteal space) thence to 
the calf and not infrequently almost as far as the ankle. Both 
legs were tunnelled in this ^vay by the operator working with his 
hand and arm passed into the leg through the body cavity from 
the left flank. A channel was also made in a similar manner in 
the neck as far up as the level of the chin, the arm being passed 
into the body through the flank wound X and up through the 
body along the line Z (figure 3) ; the cavity so formed was limited 
posteriorly by the cervical vertebrae and the muscles attached to 
it and in front by the skin of the neck (PI. X, figures 3 and 4), 
The trachea, oesophagus and blood vessels were pushed aside — 
usually to the right, because the manipulations were conducted 
from the left — and in most cases the larynx was pushed right up 
behind the hyoid bone near the back of the mouth. 
When this was done the body was probably turned upside 
down so that the head would be downward and mud in a semi- 
fluid state was introduced into the cervical cavity (Figure 3, T, 
also PI. IV, figure 3) through the thorax. The thoracic inlet 
was then tightly packed with a mass of linen (Figure 3, W, also 
PL IV, figure 1, K and figure 2) so that when the body was 
placed again in the vertical position the mud-packing in the neck 
would be retained in its position. Mud is not the material always 
employed for the stuffing of the neck. In some cases the whole 
cavity Avas filled with linen bandages, in other cases with pebbly 
sand (PI. X, figure 4) in others again with a mixture of mud 
and vegetable powder (sawdust) or a mixture of soda and butter 
(PI. XIII, figures 1 and 2). 
With the body placed head uppermost in the vertical position 
the legs were stuffed with mud or sand, and when the cavities 
formed in these limbs had been filled large linen plugs were 
inserted at the situations of Poupart's ligaments (Figure 3, V) 
