THE MAMMALS OF MOUNT MAZAMA. 
215 
the Pocket Gophers (Thomomys mazatna) which are constantly 
turning the soil and throwing up little mounds of damp earth by 
which their movements may be known. They are inhabited also by 
the White-footed Mice and Baird's Alpine Vole. 
The Springs and Small Marshes. — The springs and wet 
places in the immediate vicinity of Crater Lake support a luxuriant 
growth of alders, wild currants and other bushes and small plants, 
among which are Spiraea arhuscula^ Kalmia glauca^ Lonicera in- 
volucrata^ Veratrum viride, Mimulus lewisii and M. luteus^ 
Aquilegia formosa^ Dicentra formosa^ Pedicularis groenlandica^ 
Pyrola secunda, Ranunculus eschscholtzii and Veronica alpina. 
These places are the homes of the Alpine Water-rat (Microtus 
arvicoloides), Red-backed Mouse {Evotomys mazama)^ Mountain 
Jumping Mouse (Zapus trinotatius),A\pme Mole {Scapanus alpinus)^ 
Gibbs' Mole (Neurotrichus gibbsi), Water Shrew (Neosorex naviga- 
tor) and Sierra Shrew {Sorex vagrans amoenus). 
The CliBs. — The cliffs on the rim of Crater Lake are adorned 
here and there by scattered hemlocks and firs and are dotted by little 
clumps of flowering bushes, of which Spiraea discolor^ Pentstemon 
davidsoni and P. newberryi are the most abundant. A small 
woody Polygonum (P. shastense) and one or two Eriogonums are 
also common. These cliffs are the homes or favorite resorts of the 
Sierra Marmot, Pika, Golden-mantled Ground Squirrel, Small Chip- 
munk, Badger, Yellow Fox, Bushy-tailed Wood-rat and White- 
footed Mouse. 
CATALOGUE OF SPECIES. 
Columbia Black-tail Deer. Cariacus Columbianus {Richardson). 
Klamath Indian name, moos-mus. 
Abundant. Fresh tracks were seen every day and many deer 
were killed during our stay. Our party killed three, one within a 
few rods of camp at Crater Lake; two others in the forest below the 
base of Glacier Peak. As a rule the deer were quiet during the 
greater part of the day, and started out to feed about the middle of 
