THF, MAMMALS OF MOUNT MAZAMA. 
209 
The fauna of the Transition Zone at Prospect in the upper 
Rogue river valley, at the west base of Mount Mazama, differs in 
some respects from that of the Klamath plain, which latter has a 
strong Boreal tinge. Thus Bassan'scus raptor^ Zapus paci£cus and 
Evotomys obscarus were obtained at Prospect but not at Klamath. 
(2) The Canadian Zone. — The Canadian Zone occupies the 
middle elevations of Mount Mazama and sends long tongues 
downward along the water courses that traverse the Transition 
Zone below. On the south slope of the mountain it begins about 
10 miles northwest of Fort Klamath and covers a" broad belt between 
the altitudes of 1,450 and 1,850 meters (4,800 to 6,100 ft.). The 
dominant tree is the Lodgepole or Murray Pine (Pinas murrajana.) 
a relatively small tree thickly beset with cones and forming a dense 
continuous forest. Other characteristic species are the Mountain 
White Pine {Pinus monticola)^ Douglas Spruce (Pseudotsuga 
mucronata) and White Fir (Abies concolor), which latter pushes 
down into the zone below. The Canadian zone shares with the 
Hudsonian two of the finest trees of the mountain — the Noble Fir 
(Abies nobilis) and Alpine Hemlock (Tsuga yattonii). The most 
conspicuous and offensive underbrush is the Buckbrush (Ceanothus 
velutinus) which forms almost impenetrable thickets and reaches 
downward through the Transition Zone also. But the Manzanita of 
the Transition belt (Arctostaphylos patula) is replaced in the Can- 
dian by a dwarf species (A. nevadensis). 
vSo little field work was done in the Canadian fauna of Mount 
Mazama that its distinctive birds and mammals cannot be enumerated 
with certainty. The following birds, however, breed in the Cana- 
dian belt of the mountain and may be fairly regarded as belonging 
to it, though several of them range down well into the pines*. 
Steller's Jay (Cyanocitta stelleri), Williamson's Woodpecker 
(Sphyrapicus thyroideus)^ Mountain Tanager (Pyranga ludoviciana) 
Olive-sided Flycatcher (Contopus borealis)^ Water Ouzel (Cinclus 
mexicanus), Oregon Junco (Junco oregonus)^ Western Creeper (Cer- 
thia familiaris occidentalis)^ Calaveras Warbler (Helminthophila 
*It must not be inferred that a bird can be classed as Transition because it breeds at Fort 
Klamath, for the mixture of Canadian trees and conditions along the water courses invites many 
Boreal species to remain through the summer. 
