94 
A Second Study of the English Skull 
(4) Capacity. 
Circumstances prevented me from measuring the capacity of the skulls, and 
this laborious piece of work was most kindly carried out by Miss M. Radford and 
Professor Karl Pearson, by the method of weighing and comparing with Professor 
Thane's standard skulls which I had previously adopted. 
After many preliminary trials, they decided to use as their standard the "crane 
etalon," which I called "a"*, and finally determined the constant for reducing to 
volume the weight of mustard seed contained in the skulls as ^^^^ , which aerees 
* 760-55 ^ 
1000 
fairly closely with my determination y^^g^- 
(5) Mean Value and Variability. 
Table I. gives the means, standard deviations and coefficients of variation, 
with their probable errors, of the characters, and will enable us to see to what 
extent the Moorfields and Whitechapel series agree with each other. If it can be 
established that they agree very closely, it will be unnecessary to institute an 
elaborate comparison between our present series and other races, such as I made in 
the case of the Whitechapel skulls, as the same conclusions will apply to both. I 
will therefore confine myself to a somewhat detailed comparison of our two 
London series. 
TABLE IL 
Capacity and Lengths. Means. 
Male 
Female 
Character 
Moorfields 
Whitechapel 
Moorfields 
Whitechapel 
C 
1474 
1477 
1365 
1300 
L 
189-1 
189-1 
183-4 
180-4 
B 
14.3-0 
140-7 
137-6 
134-7 
B' 
98-5 
98-0 
95-2 
93-1 
H 
129-8 
132-0 
123-6 
124-6 
OH 
113-8 
114-6 
109-4 
109-2 
LB 
98-5 
101-6 
95-9 
95-3 
In males the chief difference is in LB (length of skull base from nasion to 
basion) ; also in height and maximum breadth the series differ, the Moorfields 
being broader but less high ; the other characters are closely alike. 
The Moorfields female skull is markedly more capacious, being longer, broader, 
and higher. 
I consider in the second place the circumferences. 
* Biometrika, Vol. iii. p. 204. 
