100 
A Second Study of the English Shall 
(7) Special Crania*. 
In the 120 skulls which form the subject of this paper, 264 anatomical 
peculiarities were noted, on an average 2'2 for each skull, as against an average of 
•96 for each skull in the Whitechapel series-f*. Of the total 120 skulls, 50 were 
adjudged male, with 107 peculiarities ; the average number of peculiarities to each 
male skull was therefore 2-14, while in the Whitechapel series it was -91 ; the 
number considered to be female being 70, with 157 peculiarities, the average 
number to each female skull was 2'24, compared with 1"0 in the Whitechapel 
collection. In both series it will be observed that the female skull has a somewhat 
greater tendency to abnormal variation than the male. 
This high frequency of abnormal characters, although some of them, it is true, 
are very slight, tends to confirm the general conclusion arrived at from an 
examination of the Whitechapel series, that the English skull is probably remark- 
able for abnormal variationsj. The increase of the percentage in the case of the 
Moorfields crania is to some extent, but I think not wholly, due to still closer 
examination. 
I shall now draw attention to some of the individual ca.ses of abnormality, 
adopting the classification used in the Whitechapel paper. 
(i) Peculiarities of Form, 
Post-coronal constriction occurred in only 2 skulls, 1 male and 1 female. When 
localised about the bregma, we have noted this peculiarity as post-coronal 
depression, and it occurred in 33 skulls, 17 male and 16 female : in 11 of the 17 
males and in 9 of the 16 females, it was noted as slight or faint. The cases 
of constriction are remarkably few when compared with those of the Whitechapel 
collection, where 19 cases occurred (mostly in female crania) in a total of 292 
crania ; but taking constriction and depression together we observe that the cases 
are relatively about twice as frequent in the present series, the figures being 35 in 
120, as compared with 46 in 292. 
Two female skulls showed post-coronal flattening, and 2 others pre-coronal 
depression. 
Two female skulls present a metopic ridge, associated in one case with a metopic 
suture (see below). 
Flattening of the ohelion was noticed in 7 skulls, 2 male and 5 female, 
a)id depression of the ohelion also in 7 cases, 2 male and 5 female. In 
4 crania (all female) the ohelion is grooved, while 7 others (3 male and 4 female) 
show posterior sagittal grooving, and 1 male presents a slight mid-sagittal groove, 
A coronal ridge was found in 1 male skull, and a sagittal ridge in 3 skulls (2 male 
* I have again to thank Professor Thane for his unfailing readiness with help and correction, 
t Biometrika, Vol. iii. p. 217. 
% Biometrika, Vol. i. p. 217. 
