Miscellanea 
203 
The values of Ci show us that the class of " Good " handwriters is most and that of 
" Bad " handwriters least divergent from the general population. The other four classes have 
values of Ci, sensibly equal and equal to •14. The "Good" handwriters have 'IS and the 
"Bad" '09, and the question is whether these are significantly different from '14, or from each 
other. The probable error of the dift'orence is about '03. It would therefore be reasonable to 
assume that "Good" and "Bad" handwriters do differ from each other, though it is less easy 
to assert marked difference from the community at large. On the whole it seems reasonaljle to 
suggest that in distribution of intelligence the "Good" handwriters are less like a random 
sample of the general girl population than " Bad " handwriters. In other words heterogeneity 
of intelligence is more marked in the class " Good " than in the class " Bad." 
As I have said, the illustration is one of numerical method only and not of interest in itself. 
The special purpose of the present note is the suggestion of a coefficient which may be of value 
in the many cases in which we wish to compare the deviation of local samples of a population 
from the proportions exhibited by a general population. 
XI. Inheritance in the Female Line of Size of Litter in Poland 
China Sows. 
By G. M. ROMMEL, B.S.A., and E. F. PHILLIPS, Ph.D., United States Department 
of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. 
From the data of the American Poland China Record, the authors determined the inheritance 
of the size of litters from mother to daughter, using 6145 litters farrowed in 1902. The methods 
were those commonly employed in statistical studies of heredity. 
The tabulation of the sizes of litters from mothers and daughters and the determination of 
the coefficient of correlation (r) shows that there is an actual correlation between the size 
of litters of two successive generations, and the authors feel justified in concluding that size of 
litter is a character transmitted from mother to daughter. The coefficient of correlation for the 
five years is small ('06) but it is appreciable and consequently it would appear proved that by 
judicious selection of sows from large litters, the average for the breed may be increased. 
Correlation in size of Litter of Poland China Sows between Mother {M) and 
Daughter (D). American Poland China Record. 
Age of 
Daughters 
Number 
of Cases 
Mean 
M 
Mean 
D 
r 
P. E. of r 
1 Year ... 
2010 
7-908 
6-6451 
2-0764 
1 -7582 
-1088 
+ -0149 
2 Years ... 
2047 
7-6927 
7-5598 
1-9818 
1-9415 
-0885 
± -0148 
3 Years ... 
1157 
7-5809 
7-8799 
1-9615 
2-0693 
-0883 
+ -0197 
4 Years ... 
606 
7 -6304 
8-2821 
1 -9856 
2-0661 
-0379 
± -0274 
5 Years ... 
325 
7-6738 
8-4031 
2-1001 
2-1571 
•0032 
± -0375 
1 — 5 Years 
6145 
7-7349 
7-4391 
2-0202 
2-0312 
-0601 
± -0086 
The decrease from -1088 to practically zero (-0032) from the first to the fifth year does 
not necessarily mean that the inheritance of fecundity is lost as a sow grows older, but probably 
indicates that inheritance from the dam gradually plays relatively less and less of a part in the 
determination, while other factors, notably nutrition, play more. The correlation tables are 
given over page. This work is being followed with an investigation of the inheritance of 
size of litter through the male line and from the ancestors in the female line. 
•20— 2 
