230 A Biometrical Study of Conjugation in Paramecium 
V. Differentiation of the Conjugant Population. 
When the measurements at Leipzig were begun the first point which attracted 
attention was the fact that, even to the eye the conjugant individuals were dis- 
tinctly smaller than the non-conjugants living in the culture at the same time. 
When the measurements were reduced this fact of differentiation within the 
population was still more clearly shown. We may proceed now to examine its 
amount and nature. What evidently is required is a comparison of conjugants and 
non-conjugants with respect to means, variabilities and organic correlations, for 
each of the characters discussed, namely length, breadth and index. In order not 
to make too complex a table I shall treat each character separately, taking the 
length first in Table V. In this table there is given for each series the mean, 
standard deviation, and coefficient of variation for length in (a) non-conjugants and 
(b) conjugants ; the absolute difference between the constants which is expressed 
as positive when the non-conjugant constant is larger, and negative when the 
conjugant is larger ; the probable error of the absolute difference ; and the relative 
difference defined as the percentage which the absolute difference is of the non- 
conjugant constant. 
TABLE V. 
Differentiation of Conjugants from Non-Conjugants in Length. 
Series 
Group 
Means 
Standard 
Deviations 
Coefficients of 
Variation 
A 
5) 
Noii-Conjugants ... 
Conjugants 
189-976-1- -724 
168-143± -522 
15-549-1- -512 
11 -212 ± -369 
8-185+ -271 
6-668 ± -220 
•>•> 
>) 
Absolute Difference 
Relative „ 
21 -833-1- -893 
4-337-1- -631 
27-9% 
1-517+ -349 
18-5 % 
C 
)) 
Non-Conj ugants . . . 
Conjugants 
209 -356 -f- -906 
176-015 ± -621 
19-099-1- -641 
13-094 ± -439 
9-123+ -309 
7 -4.39 ± -251 
)? 
Absolute DifiPerence 
Relative „ 
33 -34H- 1-098 
15-9% 
6-005-h -777 
31-4 % 
1-684+ -398 
18-5 % 
D 
)» 
Non-Conjugants ,.. 
Conjugants 
217-656±2-319 
181 -906 ±1-554 
19-453-1-1-640 
13-037 ±1-099 
8-937+ -759 
7-167± -607 
•>•> 
)» 
Absolute Difference 
Relative ,, 
35-750-1-2-792 
16-4 7„ 
6-416-1-1-974 
32-98 % 
1-770+ -972 
19-8 7„ 
D 
)> 
Non-Conjugants ... 
Conjugants 
199-708-1-1-890 
168-167 ±2-242 
13-727 + 1-336 
16-285 ±1-585 
6-874+ -672 
9-684± -953 
)) 
Absolute Difference 
Relative „ 
31-541-1-2-932 
15-8 % 
-2-558 + 2-073 
18-6% 
-2-810+1-166 
40-9 7. 
