J. F. Tocher 
319 
I. Individual Characters. — Head Length. (See Maps III. and IV.) An 
inspection of the accompanying maps reveals the fact that, exchisive of Glasgow, 
the west (and particularly the south-west) of Scotland lias a long-headed or 
macrocranial population of inmates, while the north-east population is distinctly 
brachycranial. Edinburgh and Midlothian generally are slightly brachycranial. 
Among the Glasgow asylums, nothing striking in head length is noted, except 
among the males at Leuzie, who are as distinctly brachycranial* as the north-east 
population. The macrocranial inmates are those of Argyll, Ayr, and Renfrew, 
while the Inverness group (including Ross and Sutherland), and the Dumfries 
group (including Kii-kcudbright and Wigton and Lanark) show this characteristic 
only in a slight degree. The Inverness females are more markedly macrocranial 
than the males. In a general way, a line drawn from the most northern part of 
the boundary between Sutherland and Caithness to the boundary between Dum- 
fries and Cumberland on the Sol way firth divides Scotland into a macrocranial 
and a brachycranial population. 
Head Breadth. (See Maps V. and VI.) Quite a different grouping is shown 
among head breadths. The north of Scotland is distinctly broad-headed or 
platycranial, while the populous centres round about Glasgow and Edinburgh, and 
these towns themselves, show stenocranial characteristics or narrow-headedness. 
The female inmates of Edinburgh and Midlothian are more stenocranial than the 
males, while those of Argyll are less platycranial than the male inmates of the 
same asylum. The platycraniality of the Ayr males is probably significant. The 
inmates, of both sexes, at the Glasgow asylums, Gartloch, Lenzie and Govan, 
agree in showing distinct narrow-headedness or stenocraniality. 
Cephalic Index. (See Maps IX. and X.) The ratio i= 100 B/L is conveniently 
taken after the characters B and L. The results are even mure striking than 
those of the characters just mentioned. The means and standard deviations were 
calculated from the formulae deduced by Pearson -f-, and the tables and maps show 
the differences, with respect to the standard deviations of sampling of these 
differences of means in the usual way. The north of Scotland is distinctly 
brachycephalic, while the south, particularly the south-west, is dolichocephalic. 
This condition of affairs is common to both male and female inmates, the only 
exceptions of significance being that of (1) Govan, the females there being meso- 
cephalic or differing little from the general population, while the males agree 
with the surrounding population in being distinctly dolichocephalic, and (2) of 
Haddington, the females there being rather dolichocephalic, while the males show 
slight brach3cephaly. In such distinctly Highland counties as Argyll, Perth and 
Inverness, Argyll differs from the other two in being strikingly dolichocephalic, 
and from the whole population in actual size of head, as will be seen later. 
Perth and Fife are buffer counties, and the remaining portion of Scotland to 
* All the terms of this section are used in the sense indicated by C. D. Fawcett, Alice Lee and 
K. Pearson, in the memoir on Naqada crania: Biomftrika, Vol. i. p. 462. 
t Proc. R. S. Vol. 60, p. 492. 
