346 
Anthroponietri/ of Scottish Insane 
On comparing now the Scottish "general insane" population with the Scottish 
habitual criminals, we find that they ditl'er considerably in type. An inspection of 
the differences (relative to tlieii- probable errors) will show this at a glance. 
TABLE XXVII. 
Between 
Relative Difference 
Mean Head Lengths ... 
„ Head Breadths ... 
„ Statures 
3-40 
9-48 
11 -24 
That is, the Scottish criminal's head is on an average longer and broader than 
that of the inmate of a Scottish asylum, but he is somewhat shorter in stature ; or, 
conversely, the insane person is smaller headed but taller in stature than the 
criminal. This result may or may not be independent of the racial nature of 
either population. It is to be noted, however, that 35 per cent, of the criminals 
in Scottish asylums are of Irish origin. A very much smaller proportion of the 
"general insane" population are of Irish extraction. 
III. Scottish Crania. Sir William Turner, in his valuable memoir on the 
" Craniology of the People of Scotland," finds the mean length and mean breadth 
of the crania examined by him to be respectively 186'8 mm. and 144'3 mm. 
Making an allowance of 8 mm. for scalp depth for each character and comparing 
these values with those of the "general insane" population, we see that the 
differences are quite insignificant. From measurements kindly made for the 
writer by Dr Theodore Shennoii, Pathologist at the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, 
the average depth of the scalp is found to be less than that given above. 
Altogether 110 subjects were measured, in the temporal region at both sides, 
and at the glabella and occipital point. Measurements on subjects still continue 
to be made, but until a much larger number have been measured it seems 
desirable to adhere to the figure usually given. In any case, the above result 
is a purely tentative one, and no stress is laid on it. Besides, as Sir William 
Turner points out, the crania are not quite representative of the whole of Scotland, 
and the series is a short one. 
IV. Local. One only of the asylum gioups can be compared with the normal 
population of practically the same ai'ea — that ot Aberdeen. The writer's values 
for head length, head breadth, and stature of the Aberdeenshire population are 
193'93 mm., 153'40 mm. and 67"7 inches lespectively. The difference in head 
length is insignificant, but the sane population of Aberdeenshire is significantly 
broader headed and taller than the corresponding asylum population. Roxburgh 
Volunteers have been found by J. F. Macpherson^ to have an average stature of 
67"89 inches, and this is significantly greater than the corresponding asylum 
population. It must be remembered, however, that the Volunteers are a selected 
Stature of Eoxburgh aud Selkirk Volunteers : J. F. Macpherson. 
