J. F. Tocher 
347 
population, so that the only normal local observations directly comparable with the 
local insane are those of Aberdeen. 
V. Stature. Finally, stature generally falls to be briefly noticed. The fol- 
lowing table shows the mean stntiire of the various Scottish populations measured 
by the writer, alongside those of other Anglo-Saxon populations whose values have 
been ascertained. 
It will be observed that the first five classes in the table below are drawn from 
the normal or healthy populations, while the last five are either hospital patients, 
insane or criminals. So far as the Scottish populations are concerned it has been 
already pointed out that the sane are significantly taller than either criminals or 
TABLE XXVIIT. 
Stature — Males. — Anglo-Saxon or British Populations. 
Class 
Cambridge Students 
English Sons 
Roxburgh and Selkii'k Volunteers 
English Fathers 
Aberdeenshire Rural 
General Hospital ... 
Criminals, New South Wales 
Scottish Insane ... 
English Criminals 
Scottish Criminals 
Stature (inches) 
68-86 
68-86 
67 -89 
67-74 
67-72 
67-lG 
66-88 
65-86 
65 -.54 
64-84 
Reference 
Biometrika, Vol. i. p. 191, Macdonell 
Family data, Pearson 
This Memoir 
Family data, Pearson 
This Memoir 
Biometrika, Vol. iv. p. 
Biometrika., Vol. 
This Memoir 
Biometrika, Vol. 
This Memoir 
126, Blakeman 
I. p. 44, Powys 
I. p. 191, Macdonell 
the insane. It would thus appear that neither the criminals nor the insane are 
fair samples of the general population with respect to stature, these two classes 
being drawn more from the shorter section of the community. 
(8) General Conclusions. 
I. The fundamental problem (namely, does the insane population differ from the 
sane population ?) cannot be answered from the data of this survey, at lea.st with 
respect to measurable characters, since no corresponding complete survey of the 
sane population has been carried out. The mean stature of the Scottish insane, 
however, is significantly less than that of the sane population of any of the districts 
measured. With respect to the non measurable characters, hair colour and eye 
colour, the colour data of the Scottish children being available, it has been found 
by direct and indirect comparison that the insane population does materially differ 
from the sane. On an average, the "general insane" population of Scotland is 
lighter-eyed and darker-haired than the .sane population. There is a greater 
tendency to insanity among the light-eyed and dark-haired population than among 
any other colour class. Red-haired persons and dark-eyed persons seem less liable 
