G. B. Griffiths 
61 
Next, a steel tape, weighted at either end, is placed on the head at the 
External Occipital Protuberance and carried forward along the Vertex and middle 
of the forehead to the chin. The weight will keep this tape in position and 
a similar weighted tape is placed coronally from one External Auditory Meatus to 
the other over the Vertex. Where these steel tapes cut each other on the Vertex 
it is agreed for the purposes of these investigations to call the Bregma. 
The Antero-posterior Curve is the first measurement taken by means of a 
steel measuring tape joining the Nasion and External Occipital Protuberance. 
This curve will be cut into an Anterior and a Posterior segment by the tape 
stretching from one External Auditory Meatus to the other. 
Next, with the crossed tapes still in position, the Horizontal Curve is taken by 
passing the measuring tape round the head from the Ophryon along the right side, 
over the External Occipital Protuberance and forward along the left side to the 
Ophryou again. The crossed tapes will cut this Circumference into four moieties : 
(i) Right Anterior. 
(ii) Right Posterior. 
(iii) Left Posterior. 
(iv) Left Anterior. 
In taking this measurement, (1) the whole Circumference is noted, then 
(2) the distance from the Ophryon to the Right Auricular line, i.e. the tape 
joining the External Meatus ; next, the number on the tape at the External 
Occipital Protuberance where it cuts the Anterior Posterior one ; next, the number 
on the Left Auricular line. 
Supposing (1) to be 15 cm., that is the measurement of the Right Anterior 
Segment, and (2) that the tape marks 30 cm. over the External Occipital Pro- 
tuberance, 30 — 15 = 15, which is the measurement of the Right Posterior Segment. 
The two remaining segments are similarly got by subtraction. 
The Cranial Height is taken : — a vertical standard with a horizontal arm at 
right angles which will slide up and down is placed by the subject's side with the 
horizontal arm pointing coronally across the head and just touching the Bregma. 
One limb of the callipers is placed in the middle of the External Auditory Meatus, 
and the other so as just to touch the lower surface of the horizontal arm. The 
vertical distance is the Vertical Height. 
Cranial Length is the direct distance from the Glabella to the External 
Occipital Protuberance. 
Cranial Breadth is the greatest Bi-parietal Diameter. 
The Face Length is taken as the distance from just below the middle point of 
the chin to the Nasion. 
The Face Breadth is the greatest Bi-Zygomatic Diameter. 
