152 On the Inheritance of the Mental and Moral Characters in Man 
a result of a differentiation between the class of schools in which athleticism is a 
cult and the class in which it is not — the town or board school with little play- 
ground and no game training. 
To complete the demonstration of this conclusion we need only turn to the 
mixed schools, whence our brother-sister pairs are drawn. These schools do not 
exhibit the athletic cult on the same scale, and we get quite a fair and reasonable 
value for the resemblance of brothers and sisters in athletic power. To obtain 
the correlation the fourfold division was taken between the athletic and 
non-athletic. 
Psychical Characters. 
(J) Vivacity. 
(K) Assertiveness. 
(L) Introspection. 
(M) Popularity. 
(N) Conscientiousness. 
In all these five psychical characters, our schedule admitted of only three 
possibilities, i.e., the cross must be placed in the space allotted to either contrasted 
character, or on the dividing line between, marking a "betwixt and between" 
state of affairs. Our tables were prepared with a ninefold system of categories 
including a " betwixt " column and row. The " betwixts " were not, however, very 
numerous, and they were then halved or quartered as the case might be into the 
adjacent groups to save the great labour of working with four fourfold tables and 
averaging the four results. 
(0) Temper. — Our categories were: Quick-tempered, Good-natured, and Sullen, 
with the usual system of " betwixts." In a very few instances sullen children were 
recorded who had occasional outbursts of quick temper. In this classification 
accordingly, some of the like difficulties arise that we have noted in the case of 
hair colour. To surmount these, first a division was made between quick temper 
and good temper, and the correlation found from the fourfold table thus reached. 
Secondly, the sullen were thrown in with the quick, and the whole classed as Bad 
tempered in contrast to Oood temp)ered. In the first case we are measuring a certain 
phlegmatic character, in the second rather the extent of self-control. But the two 
divisions led to very sensibly the same results. Thus for girls we have the 
correlations : — 
Division between Quick and Good temper : '49. 
Division into Good and Bad (Quick and Sullen) tempers : '50. 
The mean of the two results was then taken as a measure of correlation in the 
matter of temper. 
(P) Ability. — We have already (p. 147) discussed this character at some 
length. All that seems necessary to add is that the division for the fourfold table 
was taken between Intelligent and Slow Intelligent. 
