202 Variation and Correlation of the Human SMill 
(v) Breadth of palate (G.,), between the alveolar walls at the second molars. 
Owing to great imevenness of the alveolar walls, I have frequently found this 
a difficult and unsatisfactory measurement. 
(w) Profile length, from the basion to the alveolar point (GL). 
No skull was found with mandible attached ; the mandibles could not therefore 
be appropriated to their respective crania, nor have they been sexed. All the 
mandible measurements were kindly taken for me by Marion Radford. 
(x) Condylar width, greatest width of mandible at condyles, from outside to 
outside ( Tf i). 
(y) Angle width, greatest width of mandible at angles, from outside to 
outside ( Wn). 
(z) Greatest height of mandible, from lowest median projection, to top of 
process between middle incisors (hj). 
(z) Distance between foramina mentalia (/). 
It is unnecessary to specify here the various Indices given in the Tables, 
as the headings of their respective columns show what they represent. They 
have been found from the very useful Index-Tabellen zum anthropometrischen 
Gehrauche of Carl M. Fiirst (Jena, Verlag von Gustav Fischer, 1902). 
There remain only the angles to refer to. 
(aa) Profile angle (P), measured with the goniometer. The skull is placed 
on the craniophor, and fixed in the position required for determining the hori- 
zontal plane, as explained above ; the point of the upper bar of the goniometer 
is then brought into contact with the nasion, and the point of the lower bar 
with the alveolar point ; the moveable rod of the goniometer is then brought 
parallel to the line joining the points of the bars by an easy adjustment, and the 
profile angle read off on the protractor scale. 
The angles of the triangle formed by the profile length {GL), the skull basis 
{LB) and the upper face height {G'H), were kindly measured for me by Mary 
Beeton by placing the sides on the trigonometer made for Pi-ofessor Pearson by the 
Cambridge Instrument Company*. 
{hh) Alveolar angle {A Z ), between the lines GL and G'H. 
(cc) Nasial angle (iVz ), between G'H and LB. 
{dd) Basilar angle {B Z ), between LB and GL. 
(ee) Basio-nasal horizontal angle (^i = 180^ - N /. — P /.). 
{ff) Basio-alveolar horizontal angle {6.^ = P /. — A Z). 
Like C. D. Fawcett, I attach most importance to A z. , iV Z , and B Z , owing 
to the difficulty of ascertaining P Z and the two subsidiary angles 6i and 9^, which 
depend on P, to a satisfactory degree of accuracy. 
* See C. D. Fawcett, loc. cit., p. 418. 
