204: Variation and Coin-elation of the Human Skull 
these skulls several times with seed, through the foramen tnagmim, and weighed 
the contents, following the same procedure as in the case of the Whitechapel 
series ; I also filled each of the three skulls with water of known volume, the 
filling being done twice. Knowing the volume of the water and the weight of the 
seed, I expected to find a fairly constant relation between the two in the various 
experiments. The results are exhibited in the following Table : 
Capacity of " Cranes Malons." 
Skull a 
Skull 7 
Skull d 
cra.3 of water 
Grammes 
of seed 
cm.3 of water 
Grammes 
of seed 
cm. 3 of water 
Grammes 
of seed 
1445* 
1465 
1130-58 
1123-70 
1127-21 
1790 
1790 
1364- 97 
1381-31 
1365- 47 
1375 
1385 
1052-07 
1058-83 
1048-44 
1061-43 
Mean 1455 
Weight of 1000 cni.a seed 
1127-16 
774-68 
1790 
1370-58 
765-69 
1380 
1055-19 
764-63 
This table brings out the difficulties of the investigation very forcibly. In 
the first place it will be noticed that, even using water, I failed to get quite 
uniform results for the capacity of skull a; an air-bubble may have formed in 
the recesses of the skull in the first experiment, or a slight leak may have 
developed in the second, or I may have made some mistake in filling or in 
noting the volume of water. Agnin, greater density of seed, on the average, was 
produced in skull a than in 7 and B ; and in the two latter, although the average 
density was nearly the same, the density was not uniform in the various experi- 
ments, the ditf"ereiice between maximum and minimum weight of seed in each of 
the skulls being about Ij per cent. But, considering the diversity in the shape 
of the skulls, and the particularly long time required to fill them, I am not 
surprised at this want of uniformity in density. 
The average of the experiments on the three " cranes etalons " brings out the 
weight of 1000 cm.^ of the seed at 768-33 grammes, and I have adopted this as 
the constant relation between weight and volume. To reduce the weights to 
volumes, I have therefore multiplied the former by ^"^^^^ , say 1'302, and taken 
the result to the nearest 5 cm.'. 
In order to form an idea of the relation between volume and weight of seed 
when packed in the measuring glasses, I filled the 1000 cm.' glass ten times with 
the seed, shaking and tapping to about the same degree as I had done before 
when measuring the first 31 skulls, and then weighed the seed on the balance. 
* I make this skull 1445 cm.' and obtain almost exactly 767 grs. from its weight of mustard seed. K. P. 
