W. R. Macdonell 
243 
countries. They agree with nothing else on the continent with which wc are 
acquainted. Our crania do not accord with Anglo-Saxon, with Romano-British 
or with Round Barrow British, but are in general appearance and biometric 
constants remarkably close to the Long Barrow British. I have endeavoured to 
indicate this in the accompanying Table : 
TABLE XIX. 
Cumparison of Means of Modern Englisli and Long Barrotv Crania. 
Character 
Wliitecbapel 
Crania 
43 to 137 J s 
Moorfields 
Crauia 
19 to 46 <? s 
Long Barrow 
Crania, Oxford, 
measured by 
E. Sclmster* 
11 to 17 (T s 
Long Barrow 
Crania, 
Cambridge, 
measured by 
A. Macalistert 
37 to 54 <^ a 
Eeiliengraber 
Sehadeli 
6 to 10 (7 s 
Swedish Crauia, 
stone age, 
Retzius X 
13 to 25 cT s 
C 
1477 
1473 
1455 
1498 
L 
189 
189 
190 
196 
193 
187-5 
B 
141 
143 
140 
140 
142 
142 
B' 
9H 
98 
99 
98 
98 
98 
f ::: 
132 
130 
135 
137 
140-5 
138 
524 
527 
533 
538 
534 
527 
S 
377 
379 
384 
385 
379 
Q 
308 
305 
320 
314 
324 
O'H 
70 
C8 
70 
69 
09-5 
J 
130 
129^ 
1.34 
132 
132 
lOOG'H/J... 
54 
5211 
52 
52 
53 
lOOB/L ... 
74 
75 
74 
71 
74 
76 
lOOffjL ... 
70 
68 
71 
70 
73 
74 
An examination of these characters seems to warrant the statement, which is 
amply borne out by the method of ' appreciation,' that the crania of Londoners of 
not more than 200 to 300 years ago indicate that a very large proportion of the 
inhabitants of London at that time were of a type which can only be described as 
approaching that of Long Barrow men. If they were so then, the type is certainly 
not extinct now, and we may even venture to describe the ancestor of the genuine 
cockney as a Long Barrow man. Whether the Long Barrow Man has remained 
a denizen of London through all the invasions to which the country has been 
subject, or whether a process of selection has gone on, the London environment 
being suited only to the Long Barrow type, we cannot yet say, but when long 
series of modern English skulls from other places are dealt with, wc shall no doubt 
sec our way further. Meanwhile the only general conclusion which we can reach 
* Unpublished measurements for which we have heartily to thank Mr E. Schuster. 
t We must cordially thank Professor A. BlacaHster for sending us copies of his measurements 
on these crania. They originally belonged to Tliurnam (see his paper: On the two PrincipaJ Forms of 
Ancient British and Gnvlish Skulls, 1865; Table 1), but Thurnam's measurements arc doubtful and his 
averages are incorrect. 
J Deduced by K. Pearson from measurements given in the Gorman Anthropological Catalogue, and 
in G. Retzius, Crania Suecica Antiqua, Tafel i., respectively. 
§ Mean of 7 crania only. || Mean of 6 crania only. 
31—2 
