M. A. Lewenz and K. Pearson 
395 
profile angle, the face apparently receding from nasion to alveolar point. This 
receding character is undoubtedly exaggerated in the photograph, although great 
care was taken in the endeavour to get the ' horizontal plane ' perpendicular 
to the vertical sides of the plate. Still, difficult as the determination of the lower 
rim of the orbit is in the present condition of the head, we believe the profile 
angle is truly greater than 90°, and that this is the case receives confirmation 
from the remarkable smallness of the nasal angle. With the exception of this 
receding character the head of this man of first-class intellect shows no single 
measurement — least of all its capacity — which would serve to differentiate it 
from that of the average Englishman of his time. Statistically, it is idle of course 
to argue from a single instance ; but it is certainly worthy of nfite that Jeremy 
Bentham if judged by head-capacity would have beer) simply mediocre. 
We have now to see what results the various reconstruction formulae as 
applied to Jeremy Bentham's measurements provide. We must note that all 
the measurements were taken and controlled by Professor Thane's independent 
measurements before any formulae were applied. To use Dr Lee's formula, the 
thickness of the flesh in its present condition at various points was tested by aid 
of a fine sharp needle. At the glabella it was 4 mm. ; at the bregma 2 to 3 mm., 
and about the same over the back of the head. We accordingly took the cranial 
diameters to be X = 186, 5=147 and H=11Q respectively. Applying Dr Lee's 
formula 
C = -000337 xLxBxH+ 40601, 
we find : C = 1475 cm.'*. 
To apply the General Formula of the present paper we roughly allowed for 
the flesh on the basis of a whole circumference for the horizontal circumference, 
and a half circumference for the sagittal and auricular arcs, taking as our values 
540, 325 and 365 mm. This must give a value slightly too big, as we have not 
allowed for the hair. There results 1511 cm.l Now the actual capacity is certainly 
slightly over the measured value 1475 and almost certainly under 1495 cm.l 
The exact agreement of P and L with the measured capacity is of course only 
pure chance. But either P and L or G. F. would suffice to show that Bentham 
had skull capacity close to the average English value. P and L is of course the 
more satisfactory because we have made no allowance that was not capable of 
measurement. 
We now turn to Dr Beddoe's formula. We are to take ^ of each of the arcs, 
divide the product by 2000, and add '3 per cent, for each point of the cephalic 
index, about 50. 
In applying this rule we will give Dr Beddoe every advantage, which he in 
his turn has not always given to those whom he criticises. Our auricular arc is 
measured with the head on the craniophor from the top of one auricular passage to 
the other. From the centre of one auricular passage to the other appears to 
be 343 mm. The horizontal circumference is 560 mm. and the nasion to the 
