A. R. Galloway 
7 
4. The following preserved specimens which died in my possession, the sex 
being verified post-mortem : ♦ 
(a) Three self-cinnamon greenfinches {L. chlorls)*. 
(b) One self-cinnamon goldKnch (Carduelis elegans). 
(c) One self-cinnamon sparrow (Passer domesticits). 
(d) One very pale cinnamon (almost white) sparrow (P. domesticus). 
(e) One self-cinnamon linnet {L. cannahina). 
5. One very pale cinnamon (almost white) blackbird (7'. luenda) which was 
shot in October 1908, sent to me by Mr John Dixon, Wigton, and examined 
post-mortem (Plate II, fig. 3). 
6. One cinnamon goldfinch {Carduelis elegans) which belonged to Mr John 
Hector, Aberdeen, was known to be a female during life, and has now been 
preserved and presented to me. 
7. One very pale cinnamon (almost white) starling (Sturnus vulgaris) caught 
by a cat in Aberdeen recently, and now preserved in good condition, and in my 
possession. This bird has every appearance of being a female. 
All of these cinnamon sports and hybrids are of the female sex. 
Wild White Sports and White Hybrids. While I have found all self-cinnamon 
sports in wild birds, and also all that show the faintest shade of cinnamon colour 
in their plumage to be females, I have also been impressed with the fact that 
most that show any noticeable amount of pure white jjlumage are males (e.g. 
Plate II, fig. 1). 
The following have been verified post-mortem, and most of them are in ray 
possession (they are all males) : — 
1. One white corn bunting {E. miliaria) "f. This bird has two or three wing 
quills ticked with dark colour, all the rest of the bird being clear. 
2. Two almost clear linnets (L. cannabina). 
* Professor Dean kindly prepared sections from corresponding parts of the eyes of one of these 
cinnamon greenfinch hens, and of a normal wild male greenfinch: the latter had considerably more 
pigment generally but especially in the posterior hemisphere, and it was much blacker even in the 
most sparsely distributed areas than in the cinnamon where it was of a rich brown colour. 
Professor J. Arthur Thomson and his assistant Dr John Kennie kindly cut sections of the following 
eyes of canaries : — 1. Yellow variegated i bred from cinnamon father (Fde). 2. Clear buff crest ? . 
3. Cinnamon-marked (wings) ? . 4. Clear yellow pink-eyed hen — paternal aunt of the white canary 
(Plate I, fig. 4). 
The amount and colour of the pigment differed in the order given; in 1, it formed a fairly thick 
black line, with brownish shades in its thinner parts : in 2 the line was thinner, and dark brown 
in sparsely distributed areas : in 3, there was very much less pigment forming a thin golden brown 
line, uniformly interrupted with clearer sijaces between the pigment cells : in 4, the pigment formed a 
still paler and thinner golden line, with larger clear iuter-spaces between the pigment cells. 
t Shot in Durris, Aberdeenshire, in the autumn of 1908, and presented to me by Mr M'^Donald, 
Schoolmaster, after being stuffed by the late Mr George Sim, Naturalist. 
