10 
Canary Breeding 
which must have originated, I believe, in a similar manner, from the cinnamon 
Cochin. At all events, I can say decidedly in the case of the hybrid, that there 
was no Dutch Frill blood in the canary parent, which belongs to a strain I have 
bred for many years. 
(6) This same hybrid, along with the frilled feathers, has assumed a semi- 
vipright position, thus indicating the origin of our canaries of shape and position, 
e.g. Lancashire, Belgian and Scotch Fancy, which are supposed to have come from 
the Old Dutch variety (cf Plate V, fig. 1 and fig. 4, p. 23). 
(7) I have also noted that cinnamon canaries and hybrids sometimes develop 
an extra number of tail feathers : one cinnamon-variegated bird of this year has 
thirteen. I have also two hybrids from cinnamon birds with fourteen each. 
(8) I have bred and now possess alive two siskin-canary hybrids, one with a 
perfectly shaped golden yellow cap (most of the rest of the bird being dark), and 
the other with a beautiful silver-spangled back (most of the rest of the bird being 
clear) (Plate I, fig. 3). 
The cap and spangled back are both characteristics of the Lizard canary, a 
specimen of which I never possessed (Plate IV, fig. 3). The strain of the canary 
parent is entirely free from any Lizard cross. The spangled back appeared at 
the first moult, just as occurs in the spangling of the Lizard canary. I have also 
bred several other siskin-canary hybrids with irregular or " broken " Lizard caps. 
The canary parent in each case was of a strain with cinnamon blood but with no 
Lizard cross. 
In addition to the probability that the Frizzle Fowl has originated from the 
cinnamon Cochin, it is also likely that the different spangled varieties of poultry 
have had a similar origin. 
We also know that Lizard and London Fancy (Plate IV, figs. 2 and 3) canaries 
both show the same unstable character of plumage as the cinnamon, both of 
these varieties being fit to exhibit only during the show season after their first 
moult, owing to subsequent changes in plumage. 
Consequently we may safely infer that both Lizard and London Fancy canaries 
have been derived from cinnamon canaries. 
The " Pink-eye " in Canaries. Before giving my matings of the crested variety 
and the results of my breeding for colour and quality of plumage, a short reference 
is here necessary to " pink-eye " — the sign of cinnamon blood — in canaries. In the 
adult canary, pink-eye very seldom shows sufficiently to attract attention while 
the bird is in the cage — in this respect differing from pink-eyed albinos, e.g. 
Russian rabbit, and also many wild birds. I have at present, a clear yellow 
yellowhammer {E. citrinella), with pale grey irides, and whose bright red eyes 
can be seen in any position of the bird in its cage : this bird can see to pick up a 
mealworm only from a well-illuminated part of the cage bottom (Plate II, fig. 4). 
