A. E. Galloway 
21 
mated with a yellow Leghorn hen. The produce, three-fourths yellow Leghorn 
and one-fourth Buff Cochin, gave (Wyckoff, 1904, p. 527) the first Buff Leghorns 
ever shown." 
The Buff " Orpingtons " — a highly modern and mongrel breed — have a similar 
history, being chiefly Buff Cochin and Dorking (Wright, 1902, p. 296). 
The behaviour of the buff colour in these crosses is exactly the same as we 
have shown to occur in the cinnaman colour of canaries — for the Buff Leghorns, 
for instance, were not obtained directly from the buff mother but from her sons, in 
the same manner as we have demonstrated cinnamon feathers in canaries, to be 
inherited from the male side. We may safely assume that the buff varieties of 
poultry correspond with the cinnamon varieties of the canary, that both are due to 
an original early cinnamon sport, and that this sport or mutation is, in all proba- 
bility, the cause of the great diversity of all the varieties of the species. 
(C) Early " Sport " in the Pigeon. In the case of the pigeon also, evidence is 
adducible which proves that the first change from the Blue Rock pigeon (Columba 
livia) was one in the direction of albinism. 
In The Dovecot and Aviary (Rev. E. S. Dixon, 1851) the author gives a passage 
in full from Varro, who lived from 116 — 27 B.C. He translates it thus: 
" If ever you should establish a Dovery, you would consider the birds your own, 
although they were wild. For two sorts of pigeons are usually kept in a IJovery : 
the one belonging to rural districts, and as others call it, a Rock Pigeon, which is 
kept in towers, and among the beams and rafters (columinibus) of a farmhouse, 
and which is on that account named Columba, since from natural timidity it seeks 
the highest of roofs ; whence it happens that the rustic pigeons especially seek for 
towers, to which they may at their own pleasure fly from the fields, and return 
thither. The second kind of pigeons is more quiet ; and contented with the food 
given at home, it accustomes itself to feed within the limits of the gate. This 
kind is of a white colour principally, but the country sort is without white or 
variegated colours. From these two original stocks a third mixed or mongrel 
kind is bred for the sake of the produce." 
VII. Canary Breeding. 
(i) Matings of Crested Variety* (cf figs. 2 and 3, also Plate IV, figs. 1 and 4). 
In Appendix I. (p. 33) is given the actual data of my matings with explanation 
of the symbols used. They may be summarised as follows : 
38 crest </ x crest-bred plainhead $ = G6 crest 4- 64 plaiuhead, 
or, in symbols, 38 C x c ? = 66(7 -I- 64c. 
Again, 44 c X 0 ? = 60C -f 63c. 
Together, 253 offspring, 126C-|-127c. 
Further, 15 (7 cT x C? = 34C + 17c. 
* By the comparatively dowiiless state of its bead the newly hatched crest may always be distinguished 
from the crest-bred plainhead. 
