56 A Second Cooperative Study of " Vespa Vulgaris " 
Subtract (3 times the second row from the first and ^ times the second column 
from the first. 
where 
7 
1-7/3, 
0, 0, . 
.. 0 
1-7/3, 
7' 
I, ^ 
.. /S"-2 
0, 
7. 1> ■ 
On-3 
.. p 
0, 
R 
P> 
1. 7 
/On— 4 
0, 
/3"-', B- 
■■ 7 
(^+7^-2/3] 
7- 
1, /3, 
... /3-^ 
1, 
7> 1> 
... ^"-^ 
^, 
1. 7, 
... /3"-^ 
/3-^ /3 
... 7 
We now turn to the first minor An, for which we have: 
1, 
1 
7' 
7 
... 1^"-^ 
7 
1 
7' 
1, 
1 
7' 
... -/ 
7 
1 
7' 
1, 
1 
-7' 
3«-4 
7 
7 
1 
' 7. 
1, 
yS, .. 
1, 
7. 
1, .. 
1, 
7. •• 
7 
= 4. -C>„_,. 
7 
Now if Sn be the standard-deviation of a single nest 
V A/A.. = + 7* - - (1 - 
