254 0)1 a New Metliod of Determining Correlation 
(E) Alcoholism in Parents and Intelligence in the Offspring. I owe the data 
for this illustration to Miss Elderton, who is treating alcohi^lism in parents and its 
effect on children at length in a forthcoming memoir. Some of her data are given 
in the accompanying table : 
Intelligence of Sons (Edinburgh Data). 
Excellent 
Good 
Medium 
Dull 
Defective 
Totals 
Alcoholic 
19 
125 
116 
46 
7 
313 
Non-alcoholic ... 
23 
97 
99 
45 
9 
273 
Totals 
42 
222 
215 
91 
586 
We have: aj/o-j., = — "0857, and for the arrays*: 
x.ja^ =. + -1197, rP,/(ro = - -1587, x.ja; = - -0993, 
aV(T, = --0138, ay<75 = + -1573, 
this last value being of very small weight. The results are most remarkable ; if we 
omit the excellent intelligences, we obtain an almost uniformly descending intensity 
of alcoholism in the parent, as the intelligence of the child diminishes ; the least 
alcoholic parents have the less intelligent offspring. If we treat the table by a 
fourfold division, between "good" and "medium" intelligences we find for the corre- 
lation of parental sobriety and intelligence in offspring the value r = — "03. It is 
clear that in the " excellent " group some special cause is at work, which gives the 
regression its non-linear character, and leads to a correlation ratio 77 of '086. The 
same want of regular increase of intelligence of offspring with sobriety of parent is 
found in the case of parents and daughters, where the correlation coefficient is zero 
and the correlation ratio 77 = '102, the "excellent" as well as the "dull" and "defec- 
tive " groups of daughters having in this case the more alcoholic parents. It is 
clear that the relation of alcohol in parents to intelligence in children is not of 
a close kind and the association, such as it is, is not of a continuous character and 
apparently different in the two sexes. 
(F) Health of Daughters and Alcoholism of Fathers. Miss Elderton has 
provided me with the 
H 
following table : 
ealth of Daughtei 
s (Manch 
ester Data). 
Healthy 
Fair 
Delicate 
Phthisical and 
Epilei)tic 
Died 
Young 
Totals 
Fathers. 
Alcoholic 
Nou-alcoholic . . . 
104 
254 
10 
16 
24 
59 
8 
41 
38 
83 
184 
453 
Totals 
358 
26 
83 
49 
121 
637 
* Reduced to a common 
standard : I 
la^ = +-1193, 5o/(r^ = 
-•1581, x;la^= - 
•0989, ^4/0-^ 
= - -0989, 
X6/<rx= - •0137, JgK=+-1567. 
