As plants with heavy seeds I have counted Astragalus alpinus and A. abori- 
ffinorum, Lupinus arcticus, Luzula parviflora and L. spicata, all southern species. 
Tliere can, however, hardly be anything impossible in their being conveyed by the 
wind. The four species with flesliy fruit I shall corae back to again, and as for 
the six which are only propagated in a vegetative manner, they are: Atropis mari- 
tima, Folygoniim vivtparum, Cardamine pnitensis, Saxifraga flagellari^, S. cerrnta, and 
S. stellaris. I have put them under this heading because I have never found any 
of them to develop mature fruit, but they may perhaps all do it in the southern 
islands. But the bulbillae of Folygonum and the two Saxifragae, as well as the 
daughter-rosules of S. flagellaris, are well adapted for wind-dispersion. Atropis mari- 
tima most probably is generally spread by means of stoloiis carried away by ice; 
the leaflets of Cardamine pratensis will serve only for local distribution, and it is a 
plant of very sporadic occnrrence which I shall come back to in another coiuiection. 
Al)out 30 species more have vegetative propagntion beside the dispersion by seed 
but effective only locally That dissemination by help of wind bas played the most 
prominent part iii stocking the islands with plants, is not to be doubted, and I think 
it may be added that this transport bas, in general at least. taken place over the 
floe in winter. 
Even if it cannot be denied that seeds may sometimes be carried over open 
water, this mode of conveyance certainly is of very little importance. How even 
a narrow channel may form a barrier, very difficult to pass over, if it is not icebound 
in winter, I have shown in the discussion of the poor fioras of the small islets off 
the coast of North Devou (Stray Contr., p. 12—18). 
As the next factor of plantdispersal we have the animals. Among these the 
birds are generally looked upon as the most important conveyors of plants. For- 
merly it was taken for granted that migratory birds must introduce plants from 
afar, but in the light of the important and comprehensive examinations of thousands 
of birds on migration, fallen at the Danish lighthouses, this assumption bas turned 
out to be altogether wrong. Ostenpeld bas in his Phytogeogr. Stud. in Botany of 
the Faeroes communicated some information he bas got from the eminent orni- 
thologiat Knud Andersen, and according to him the birds migrate on an empty 
stomach, and they are nearly always quite clean on beak, feet, and feathers, when 
they are on their long journeys. With this and with the knowledge acquired in 
later years about the actual lines of migration, in many cases far from coinciding 
with the formerly supposed straight way or överland course, we may now leave 
the migratory birds out of the discussion, when the possibility of transport over 
" Including achenes, etc. 
