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or also coast localities. In neither case they could have supported more than a 
few especially hardy plants during the extreme of the glacial period. Warming 
also admits, that the present flora of south Greenland cannot have survived there, 
but consists of låter immigrants. He is, however, inclined to believe that higharctie 
plants of the present time can have lived there. But no feature in their distribution 
points to such a nianner of dispersion. 
This takes us back to the flora of the Archipelago again. Hooker, who had 
already in Outlines characterized the flora of Greenland as entirely »Scandinavian» 
and wanting american types, has in the App. to Nares, Narrat., expressed the 
opinion that even northern Ellesmereland is »entirely Greenlandic, showing no 
further relationship than does Greenland itself to the floras of the American Polar 
islands to the west of it». I have previously objected to this view and must do 
it here again; the Ellesmereland flora is entirely american, of its 113 species only 
one is found besides only in Greenland, and that plant, Taraxaeum phymatocarpum, 
most probably will yet be found farther south on the american side also. The flora 
of Ellesmereland is »Greenlandic» only so far, as it has sonfe characteristic types 
in common with northern Greenland, but these are the decidedly american plants 
of the latter country. Neither here nor in North Devon and Baflin Land there is 
a singla european species to be found, the whole flora bears the clear stamp of its 
american origin. A small element of east-american provenience there certainly is 
in the flora of the easternmost islands of the Archipelago, but, as I have tried to 
show in the preceeding, many of the plants apparently belonging to this region 
aloue (group E 2 in table V) most probably have, notwithstanding, arrived from 
the west. The main current of immigration came from northwestern America in 
early postglacial time, it consisted partly of old circumpolar types who had survived 
in the Bering Strait region, partly of asiatic types from the late tertiary or preglacial 
wave of immigration, and partly of species from the Rocky Mountains who had 
sought refuge there; therefore the flora of the Barren Grounds and of the Arctic 
Arcliipelago shows the west-american character most clearly marked. 
