BRACHIOPODA. 391 
Stropbomena rugosa (Rafinesque Ms.)] 
1887. Strophomena planumbona (partlm) Shaler. Memoirs, Kentucky Geological Survey, p. 13, 
pis. IV, V. 
1892. Strophomena rugosa Hall. Palieontology of New York, vol. viii, pt, i, p. 247, flgs. 13, 14. 
1892. Strophomena planumbona or rugosa Hall. Ibidem, p. 251, pi. ix, figs. 15-17; pi. xiA, figs. 8, 9. 
From the examination made by Prof. Hall (op. cit, 1892,) it appears that this 
widely-distributed species was never described by Rafinesque. Undou))tedly the 
•latter sent to Blainville or Defrance, or both, specimens of it, with the name Stro- 
phomena rugosa attached. The species is now well known as S. planumbona Hall. 
Blainville, 1825, was the first to give a diagnosis of Strophomena {loo. cit.), using as 
the type "iS. rugosa Rafinesque," of which he gives two good figures. These have 
been reproduced by Prof. Hall {op. cit., 1892). In 1827 a description was given of 
this species in the "Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles" by "D. F.," probably 
Defrance. King, 1850, (op. cit.) called attention to the fact that Strophomena rugosa 
(Rafinesque) Blainville and Leptcena planumbona Hall are one and the same species. 
A similar conclusion was also reached by Meek in 1873 (op. cit., p. 73). The follow- 
ing is the description of S. rugosa of Defrance, which is copied from Palaeontology of 
New York, vol, viii, pt. i, p. 247: "Strophomene rugueuse; Strophomenes rugosa Rafin- 
esque. Coquille bombee en dessous, et dont la valve superieure est un pen concave 
et chargee de petites stries rayonnantes. Largeur, un pouce. Fossile de I'Amerique 
septentrionale. On voit une figure d'une coquille de cette espece dans I'atlas de ce 
dictionnaire, planche de fossiles. Des coquilles de ce genre, qu'on trouve a Dudley en 
Angleterre, ont de tres-grands rapports avec cette espece; elles en difi"erent pourtant 
en ce que le bord ce celles d'Amerique se retrousse un peu en dessous, tandis que c'est 
le contraire pour celles d' Angleterre, dont le bord s'abaisse en dessous. On trouve a 
Fembouchure de la riviere des Alleghanys pres de Pittsborough (Amerique septentri- 
onale), dans un gres rougeatre, des empreintes de coquilles qui ont beaucoup de rap- 
ports avec cette espece, mais qui sont plus aplaties," 
" Shell of medium size, concavo-convex, semi-oval or more than semi-circular in 
outline; hinge line generally a little longer than the breadth of the valves at any 
point farther forward; lateral extremities, in most examples, somewhat less than 
rectangular, or sometimes rather acute, more or less compressed and deflected; 
lateral margins a little contracted posteriorly and rounding to the front, which 
forms a regular semi-circular curve. 
"Dorsal valve flat [or somewhat depressed] in the umbonal region, and rather 
strongly and evenly convex in the central and anterior regions, from which it rounds 
off abruptly to the front and lateral margins; beak very small or not distinct from 
the edge of the narrow or sublinear area, which is inclined nearly directly backward, 
but not incurved. Interior showing the cardinal process to be small, depressed, 
divided to its base into two diverging tooth-like parts, a little flattened [or concave and 
