TreminoloRy.] 
BRYOZOA. 
335 
terminolo:jy. 
B 
Fig, 21. a, profile view of Orthis tricenaiia Conrad; b, ventral view of Orthia tricenaria Conrad; 
, c, cardinal view of Strophomena incurvata Castelnau. 
Pedicle=Ventral valve. The valve always situated on the ventral side of the 
animal and having the foramen or pedicle opening, except in Lingula, 
■ Oholella, etc., where the pedicle protrudes between the valves. When the 
shell is cemented to foreign bodies it is always by the ventral valve. It is 
usually the larger and deeper of the two valves in which the animal is 
contained. It was called the "dorsal valve" by Hall, from 1847 to about 
1861; since which time "ventral valve" has been used by him. "Pedicle", 
"neural" and "receiving" valves, are synonymous terms. 
Brachial=Dorsal valve. The valve to which the arms or the calcified brachial sup- 
ports are attached. "Ventral valve" of Hall, from 1847 to about 1S61. 
"Brachial," "hsemar'and "entering" valves, are other terms more rarely 
employed. 
post, reg., posterior region ; applies to both valves. 
beaks, the apexes of valves. 
umbo, the elevated portion of the valve immediately in iront or anterior to the 
beaks. 
c. ang., cardinal angle, or angle formed by the cardinal plane with the lateral 
margin. 
I. a., lateral margin, or lateral area. 
ant, anterior region or margin. 
b. v., dorsal valve, p. v., ventral valve. 
c. a., cardinal area of the ventral valve. 
del., deltidium. A plate of one piece which grows over the delthyrium of the 
Strophomenido', and is rudimentary in some species of Orthis. This plate 
begins, in the early larval stage of Thecidium, as a secretion from the 
dorsal side of the body segment, and becomes anchylosed to the ventral 
valve in the phylembryonic stage, subsequent additions being secreted by 
the body wall and pedicle. A plate similar in appearance, the "chilidium" 
