BRACHIOPODA. 473 
Ilatlina salTorfJi.l 
deltidial plates, characters also common to the Kampyloper/mata, it seems natural 
to expect that the earliest members of this suborder should have impunctate shells 
as their immediate ancestors, the Rhynchonellidw,. We find that the species of Hallina 
of the Lower and Upper Silurian are impunctate, but that punctate Kampijlopegmaid 
are already present in the Lower Helderberg, where the other type of shell structure 
of this suborder is no longer met with. 
Hallina saffordi W. and S. 
PLATE XXXIV, FIGS. 55-58. 
1892; April 1. Hallina saffordi W. and S. American Geologist, vol. ix, p. 292. 
Shell very small, rostrate, regularly elongate oval, striate and evenly biconvex. 
Ventral valve somewhat more convex than the dorsal. Point of greatest elevation 
about mid-length, slightly carinated, but otherwise evenly convex in all directions. 
Beak strongly incurved, but not in contact with the umbo of the dorsal valve, with 
a small pedicle opening in the apex, which is partially surrounded anteriorly by 
incomplete deltidial plates. Teeth well developed and supported by delicate, strongly 
oblique, dental plates; other interior characters undefined. 
Dorsal valve evenly convex, with a very shallow sinus in the anterior half. 
Brachial supports straight from the crural plates for a short distance forward, then 
bend backwards and laterally, turn and proceed anteriorly to within a short distance 
beyond mid-lewgth and nearly parallel to each other, where they again turn rather 
abruptly upward and inward, joining medially at a point which is about half the 
length of the brachia. Thin sections do not show strongly thickened crural plates, nor 
a median septum amalgamated with the former, as is so common in terebratuloids. 
Surface marked with from fifteen to twenty subangular stria?, which terminate 
on the posterior third of the valves; no concentric lines of growth observable. Shell 
structure fibrous and impunctate. 
This common little shell occurs in association with Leperditia fahulites, Scenidium 
anthonensis and Rafinesquina minnesotensis. The only species with which it is likely to 
be confounded, if the exterior alone is taken into account, is /ygospira recur vi rostra. 
In the latter, however, the striic are more prominent and numerous and extend to the 
beak on each valve, while in Hallina saj/'ordi they are obsolete on the posterior third. 
Named after Prof. James M. Salford, Nashville, Tenn. 
Formation and locality— Common in the "Glade limestone'" at Lebanon, Tonncsseo, where they 
were discovered by Mr. E. O. Ulrich several years ago. Also near the top of the lUrdseye limestone at 
High Bridge, Kentucky. 
Types in the collection of Charles Schuchert. 
Mus. Reg. No. 8237. 
