THE ANCESTRY OF DOMESTICATED CATTLE. 
227 
CHANNEL ISLANDS. 
It has often been stated that the cattle of the four islands of Jersey, 
Guernsey, Alderney, and Sark originally came from Normandy, yet 
most naturalists place Normandy cattle in the primigenius group, 
while the Channel Islands cattle, the Brittanies, and the Kerries are 
regarded as descendants of Bos longifrom. In our opinion this is 
the most likely supposition, although no doubt there has been some 
admixture of Norman blood, especially in the Guernsey cattle. 
The deerlike form and color of the Jerseys indicates unmistakably 
longifrons blood. The cattle of the other islands, hy their color, 
length of leg, and larger body, show a closer resemblance to the Nor- 
man cattle, which would be likely, as laws restricting importations 
of cattle have been less stringent than in the island of Jersey, where 
no foreign breed has been imported for about 125 years. 
ORIGIN OF THE PRINCIPAL TYPES OF CATTLE IN AMERICA. 
The first cattle in America were brought in 1498 by Columbus on* 
his second voyage. Subsequently many other cattle were brought 
from Spain to the New World by the colonists who settled in the 
West Indies. Some of the cattle escaped from captivity and lived 
in a wild state where there were rich grazing lands in the wilds of 
the Antilles. From the West India Islands these cattle of Spanish 
descent were carried to the mainland both north and south of the 
Isthmus of Panama. About 1525 some were taken to Vera Cruz, 
Mexico, where they rapidly multiplied and gave rise to the stock 
which later became known to the breeders in the United States as 
" Texas " cattle, and hence are of Spanish origin as well as those of 
South America. 
The Portuguese made settlements at Cape Breton Island and other 
places, as an adjunct to the fishing industry, about 1525, or eA'en 
earlier. Both cattle and swine were taken by the fishermen to New- 
foundland and Nova Scotia in 1553. In 1604 Lescarbot, a French 
lawyer, carried cattle to Arcadia. Five years later he wrote a history 
of New France, wherein he states that in 1508 or thereabouts Baron 
de Lery attempted a settlement at Sable Island, and the cattle found 
many years later on the island are supposed to be descendants of 
De Lery's stock. When the Huguenots settled, in 1GT2, on the Broad 
River, S. C, they may have taken cattle with them, but up to the 
present time we have found no record to that effect. 
The first cattle to reach the territory now included in the United 
States were brought by Sir Richard Grenville to Virginia in 1535, 
in an expedition sent out by Sir Walter Raleigh, which loft Plym- 
outh, England, on April 9, but the colony perished and the cattle 
were probably slaughtered by the settlers. From an exhaustive study 
