THE ANCESTRY OF DOMESTICATED CATTLE. 
209 
of Fitzinger and Brehm, the question being left open whether these 
cattle should be regarded as a distinct species or merely as a local 
race of the domesticated primigenius. A modern representative of 
this type is the ankoli, the longhorned humpless breed of Uganda. 
Their enormous horns are slender, smooth, upright, and are placed 
at a much greater distance above the eyes than is the case of the 
Galla cattle which are a type of humped cattle. Bos macroceros 
is the term proposed by Diirst to designate the type represented by 
longhorned cattle of Egypt. 
Bos INDICUS. 
Bos indicus, or the zebu, includes the humped cattle of Asia and 
Africa. Col. Yule (1875) says the term zebu is a fantastic name 
which Buffon heard in a wandering menagerie. The name is not 
know^n in India and has probably been derived from the Polish 
zubr or suber. Perhaps the most notable characteristic of this species 
is the hump at the withers, although the large drooping ears, the 
shape of the skull and horns, the white shanks and the grunting cry 
readily distinguish it from other species. Its habits, such as seldom 
seeking the shade, and never standing knee-deep in water, are also 
characteristic, though varying as those of any species must with so 
wide a geographical distribution. Some races have two humps; the 
ribs may be 13 or 14 in number, and the horns vary greatly in size 
and curvature. 
No wild form has yet been found, although some instances are 
known where they have become semiwild and were able to maintain 
themselves even in a region infested with tigers. Crosses with other 
breeds of cattle indicate a highly bred animal which has varied much 
from its original form as it came under the dominion of man, which 
took place previous to 2000 B. C, if we may judge by carvings and 
inscriptions in Egyptian monuments that date back as far as the 
twelfth dynasty. 
Hahn is inclined to think that African and Indian zebus had a 
different origin. No fossil remains have been found in central and 
southern Africa, so Adametz (1894) says they are of Asiatic origin, 
with the banting as their ancestor. 
It is quite possible that zebu blood has also entered into tlie longi- 
frons type previously discussed. 
Bos TRICEROS. 
This is a three-horned humped ox found in Senegal and described 
by Huet (1891). The third horn is on the nose, like that of a 
rhinoceros. In all probability this variety is a sport from the zebu. 
