THE ANCESTRY OF DOMESTICATED CATTLE. 
199 
both lived in the Black Forest in Roman times; one roamed in the 
woods of the highlands, the other in the lower meadows. 
A painting, presumably made about 1500 and found in 1827 in 
Augsburg, represents a rough-haired maneless bull, with large head, 
thick neck, and small dewlap. Its powerful horns turn forward, 
then outward, and are light colored with black points. The color 
is sooty black, with a white ring about the mouth. A copy of the 
picture is in Griffith's "Animal Kingdom," a translation of Cuvier's 
" Le Regne Animal," Volume IV, and is here reproduced (PL XIV, 
fig. 1). No one knows who painted the x)icture. Nehring (1896) 
Fig. 13. — Skull of Bos primigenius. (From Werner.) 
thinks it represents a wild form, while Keller (1897) says it has too 
fine a nose to be an}^ but a domesticated animal. 
In 1889 two golden cups, on which were engraved pictures of cattle, 
were found in a grave at Vaphio, near Sparta (see PI. XV). These 
cups, now in the museum of the Archeological Societ}^ at Athens, are 
evidently the work of a master artist of the Mycenaean period, about 
150 B. C. On one is represented a hunting scene with three wild 
oxen; on the other is a wild ox held b}^ a man, who has fastened a 
rope about the hind leg of the beast. Two other oxen appear peace- 
ful and domesticated. These figures are supposed to illustrate hunt- 
ing, capturing, taming, and domesticating. Homer does not mention 
this wild ox; the Phenician metal worker does not depict him; 
Egyptians always represent cattle as tamed; so Keller (1897) says 
22456°— 12 3 
