196 
27TH REPORT, BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 
Anau, Turkestan (Diirst). The cranium of Bos namadicus differs 
from that of ptimigenius in the following points: The short pre- 
maxilla?, which do not reach the nasals; the low position of the 
occipital crest relatively to the horn cores ; the arcuated intercornual 
ridge ; the intrusion of the temporal fossae on to the occiput ; the con- 
cave plane of the latter, and the regular curve of the occipital crest. 
In almost all of these points in which the cranium of Bos namadicus 
differs from that of Bos primigenius it approaches to the crania of 
the genus Bibos. The peculiar forward curve of the horn cores of 
this species, as is well shoAvn in the profile view (fig. 11), presents 
considerable resemblance to the curve of the horn cores of the yak. 
Fig. 11, — Skull of Bos namadicus. 1, Frontal aspect ; 2, lateral aspect ; 3, cross section 
of horn near tip; 4, cross section of liorn near base. (From Lydekker.) 
This, however, can not be taken as of any importance in showing 
kinship between the two animals, as the forms of the crania of the 
two are so entirely different (Lydekker). 
All species of Bos which lived in the Pliocene and Pleistocene are 
now extinct, although the blood of several forms of Bos primigenius^ 
Bos namadicus^ and Bos priscus may still flow in the veins of our 
domesticated cattle. To these species and the representatives of the 
genus during the Recent or Alluvial periods we must look for the 
genealogy of our cattle. On the other hand, probably all of the 
species of the Eecent period have played a part in the histor}' of cattle 
raising. 
