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27TH BEPOKT, BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 
modern relative, which Keller says can not be the ancestor of the 
large European breeds because the occipital parts are too prominent. 
Turning to the Taurine group, Ave find that Bos acutifrons, the 
Siwalik ox (fig. 10), is found in late Pliocene deposits. It was a 
large animal, with angulated frontals and Avith enormous horns, 
measuring about 10 feet from tip to tip. Riitimeyer regarded this 
and Bos flanifrons as forms of Bos primigenius, while Lydekker 
considers them as distinct species. Bos planifrons, with shorter 
horns and flattened frontals, may have been the female of acutifrons. 
Fig. 9. — Skull of Bos elatus. (From Riitimeyer.) 
Ewart (1911) has found a modern type of acutifrons among the 
skulls in the Roman fort at Newstead, England. 
PLEISTOCENE EPOCH. 
In this epoch the species of most interest in the Bubaline group is 
the Algerian buffalo, previously referred to. (See fig. 10.) A promi- 
nent member of the Bisontine group was Bison priscus^ which 
roamed over Europe, Asia, and North Africa. This species is prob- 
ably the ancestor of both the European and American bison. The 
