12 
Congenital Anomalies in a Native African Race 
the uvula with no history of tiauma or syphilis. Prof. Karl Pearson has drawn 
my attention to a skull which was brought by Dn Chaillu from Fernand Vas in 
the Congo (see Biometrika, Vol. vill, Plate XXVI) ; this shews congenital 
absence of the premaxilla, but the two maxillae have not approximated in the 
mid-line in front as in my own cases, and we do not know the condition of the 
soft parts, but it is interesting to see this anomaly from another part of Africa. 
(!•')) Teeth. Native children are said to be born sometimes with teeth; it is 
possible that this is not very rare as there is a common superstition regarding 
them. I have seen one case with this history, to be mentioned later, as having 
deformities of the lower extremities. A gap of as much as \ of an inch between 
the lower central incisors has been noticed a number of times, the other teeth 
all being regular and touching one another. A similar condition may be seen also 
affecting the upper pair of incisors, one that I am not conversant with among 
Europeans. Among 1500 natives examined for statistical purposes in regard to 
caries the following numerical abnormalities were noted : 
(a) Complete reduplication of the set of teeth in an adult, the second set 
lying on the palatal side of what appeared to be the normal set. I have every 
reason to believe that this was a case of true reduplication, that is to say, the 
result of growth from doubled enamel organs and not of retention of the deciduous 
teeth. 
{h) Reduplication of upper incisors. 
(c) Reduplication of right lower bicuspid. 
{d) Reduplication of both bicuspids in the lower jaw on each side and in the 
upper jaw on the right side in a woman aged 24 years. 
A single case of a Bifid Extremity to the Tongue was seen in an albino 
child. 
(16) Polymazia and Polythelia. 14 cases of these anomalies have been met 
with casuall}^, so that I imagine this anomaly by excess is comparatively not 
uncommon. Short notes of these cases are given below for purposes of com- 
parison : 
(a) Male adult, accessory nipple springing from the skin at the right sternal 
edge opposite the 3rd intercostal space, it was large and well formed like a 
woman's but there was nothing resembling an accessory mamma beneath it. 
(h) Male aged 45. Insane and suffering from spinal caries. There was a 
rudimentary accessory nipple in Scarpa's triangle on the right side \\" below 
Poupart's ligament. 
(c) Adult female, an accessory nipple on the right breast, small but well 
formed and lying above the one proper to the breast ; both are patent and milk 
can be drawn through both. 
