Miscellanea 
193 
No great degree of accuracy can be expected in I'econstructing the capacity of a skull from a 
single measurement, but the remarkable difference of formula (11) for negro skulls from the 
corresponding German formula is of course due to their referring to different measurements 
of the height. If we insert ^=133'8 in (11), which is the mean total height of the Bavarian 
96 
skulls we get (7=1356"7±-7^ instead of the measured mean (7=1503 cur'. 
105 
Similarly equation (9) gives C=1555'6±— = instead of 1503 when we insert the German 
\n 
mean 5=150-5. 
Thus 9 — 1 4 are of little use for our pur2wse. 
VII. Note on a Negro Piebald. (C. D. Maynard.) 
The remarkably interesting photogra})h of a negro piebald on Plate X has been forwarded 
to the Editor by Dr C. D. Maynard. The native comes from the district round Chai Chai. 
Dr Maynard writes from Ressano Garcia, and states that the hospital attendant took the 
photograph. The extraordinary interest of the case arises from the fact that the thighs and 
feet are of normal negro ^pigmentation, but in the other patches we have varying degrees of 
pigmentation of the skin down to albinotic white. Unfortunately there is no dorsal view, but 
the back is stated to be also affected with albinotic areas. The hoy rei^orted that he was 
in the same condition when born, and that the nature and areas of the pigmentation had not 
altered. 
VIII. Note on Infantile Mortality and Employment of Women, from 
the Report on Condition of Woman and Child Wage-earners in the United 
States, Volume XIII. Infant Mortality and its Relation to the Employment 
of Mothers. 
By ETHEL M. ELDERTON. 
The author of this Report emphasizes the difficulty of determining the effect of women's 
employment and points out that 
"It would be possible to draw positive conclusions as to the relative importance of this particular 
factor only by point-to-point comparison of the infant mortality for a period of years in two large 
communities, or two classes of large communities, in which all the material conditions were sub- 
stantially common, with the single important exception that in one a considerable proportion of the 
married female population of child-bearing age were at work outside of their homes and in the other 
community with which the comparison was made none of the women were so employed. 
To admit of entirely sound conclusions, it would be necessary that the populations — and especially 
the women — of both communities should be of like ages, races, and physical health, that their living 
conditions should be practically identical, and that, in a general way, the child-bearing women should 
be of about the same grade of intelligence In default of some such comparison on a broad scale of 
the mortality of the infants of working and non-working women of similar ages, races, intelligence, and 
living conditions, no one can determine accurately how many of the deaths of working women's infants 
are due to the mother's work and how many to the other conditions of their lives and environment." 
(p. 18). 
The author illustrates the point by taking the six New England States and giving the infant 
deathrate, percentage of women of 16 years and over who are breadwinners, percentage of foreign- 
born to the population and percentage of population living in towns of 4000 and more inhabitants, 
and showing that, though the states with the highest infant mortality have also the largest 
Biometrika x 23 
