202 
Clypeal Markings of Vespa vulgaris 
to II, but conforming to I if we take extension of the black right through the 
yellow as the criterion of I ; such individuals are distinguished as I + II. Others 
again conform to II but possess a slightly darker stain on the yellow in the line 
where the distinctive lower black portion of I might occur ; these are called II + 1. 
Similarly, intermediates between II and III are recognisable : in II + III the top 
of the upper portion of the vertical black band is very narrow ; while in III + II 
there is a mere stain on the yellow of this region. A single instance occurs of an 
intermediate between I and III (I + III), where the vertical black band extends 
right through the yellow, but is much narrowed at its upper extremity. 
Front of head of V. vulgaris ? . 
Types I II III IV V 
VI VI (i VII) VII VIII (1 VII) VIII IX 
Draini by K. If. Merrylies. 
My first examination consisted of about 200 tubes containing queens of 
Vespa vulgaris from different nests. In the case of some queens the heads 
were missing, and in the course of transit the contents of some of the tubes 
had got loose in the jar. I have numbered these 199 to 208. The results are 
given in Table I (p. 204) and the summary below : 
