J. J. Simpson 
223 
perianth was normal there were no fewer than 62 different types of variation, and 
amongst those in which the perianth showed a departure from the accepted 
normal structure there were 29 types of variation. Thus of 1802 flowers examined, 
1062 had the typical cruciferous structure, 625 had the perianth normal but the 
androecium and gyntecium modified in 62 different ways and 115 had all three 
organs modified in 29 different types of variation. 
The remaining 30 individuals are not capable of classification under the fore- 
going scheme but have been grouped into three classes as shown in Table B. 
TABLE B. 
Number 
of 
Variations 
Number 
of individuals 
in the Class 
Class III. Reduplication of parts but flowers not separate ... 
Class IV. lieduplicatiou of parts with flowers separate 
Class V. Part of a flower replaced by a flower 
10 
6 
2 
11 
17 
2 
Totals 
18 
30 
Altogether, therefore, there are five separate classes which give a total of 109 
diiierent modes of variation. 
2. Analysis. 
In the further reduction of the data it is essential that we consider the 
variations in the stamens, and for this purpose we must naturally commence 
with Class I, Sub-class A. 
To avoid describing each of these in detail, it is necessary to have recourse to 
a graphic method of representation. Several such methods suggested themselves 
and although none are ideal we have chosen one which may help to give a true 
impression of the various modifications assumed by the androecium. We shall 
also give a few examples by another method which might have been adopted but 
which seems to us to be even more complicated. 
Let us, in the first place, consider in what directions abnormalities have 
occurred. A typical stamen consists of two parts, (1) the filament and (2) the 
anther. 
(1) Filament. This may be of its normal length or less than its normal 
length or altogether absent. 
(2) Anther. This may be present or absent. 
But other complications arise. As already explained, in the accepted typical 
cruciferous flower, chorisis has taken place in positions 3 , 4 and 5 . 6 so as to give 
29—2 
