J. J. Simpson 
237 
In this procedure 44 variations, namely LIX to CII, must be dealt witli. 
When we study the number of parts which occur in the position of individual 
members of a whorl and then try to draw conclusions as to normality or abnormality 
of the whorl itself we find the following difficulties. 
Let us take the outer whorl of the andro3cium as an example. 
(1) If in the position normally occupied by stamen 1 there were two stamens 
and in the position normally occupied by stamen 2, no stamen occurred, then with 
regard to the whorl the total number of stamens would be ttuo. Now this is the 
accepted normal number of stamens in the outer whorl, so that if number alone 
were considered the inference would legitimately be drawn from the table that the 
whorl was normal. But this is not so ! 
Or (2) If in position number 1, one normal stamen occurred and in position 
number 2, one functioning stamen, with the filament only half the normal length, 
occurred, then the number of functioning stamens in the whorl would be tiuo, i.e. 
the accepted normal number. But again, on the basis of number alone, we should 
not be able to say whether the whorl as a whole was normal or abnormal. 
Now as this state of affairs exists not only in the whorl under consideration 
but in all the whorls of the flower, we have thought it not only advisable but 
necessary to emphasise these abnormalities as a safeguard in the interest of 
systematic statistical treatment. 
For this purpose, therefore, small diagrammatic formulse have been drawn up, 
and these have been given in conjunction with the diagrams: see Plate I, figs. 
11, 12. 
We have already defined the positions of the various parts of the androecium 
but have hitherto refrained from naming the different constituents of the perianth. 
In the cases under consideration, however, it is necessary to do so, and Plate I, 
fig. 11 illustrates how these are definitely determined. 
The two outer sepals are named A and B (see Fig. 11). A corresponds in 
position to stamens 3 . 4 and B to stamens 5.6. G and D are the two inner 
sepals ; G corresponds in position to stamen 1 and D to the stamen in position 2. 
The petals are named A', B', G' and D' and lie respectively between sepals A and C, 
B and D, A and D, and B and G. 
The actual order of all the parts is summed up in Plate I, fig. 12 (1 — 14). 
Biometrika x 
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