248 Contribution to a Statistical Study of tlie Cruciferm 
an increase or decrease from the accepted typical number, namely four, of petals in 
the corolla is accompanied by an increase or decrease in the number of sepals 
in the calyx ; while from (2) an increase or decrease in the number of stamens in 
the androecium will be accompanied, on an average, by a greater increase or decrease 
in the number of sepals than in the number of petals. 
(c) Relations between the constituents of organs. 
The constituents of (1) the calyx and (2) the androecium will now be con- 
sidered . 
(1) Calyx. The outer and inner whorls of this organ are inserted at different 
levels and have a decussate ai'rangement, so that, although the organ as a whole 
is protective in function, the two whorls actually help to enclose the flower at 
right angles to one another. The correlation between these two whorls is an 
extremely low one, namely, "1957 (Table I), in other words, an increase or decrease 
in the number of sepals in either of the whorls of the calyx is associated only in 
a very small degree with an increase or decrease in the number of sepals in the 
other whorl. Or again it may be expressed thus, the two whorls of the calyx 
vary to a great extent independently of one another. This statement should be 
taken in conjunction with that made on p. 244 with regard to their Means and 
Variabilities and should also be borne in mind when the correlatioa between 
these two constituents and the other parts of the flower are discussed below 
(see Tables R and S). 
(2) Androecium. This organ is also composed of two whorls, an outer and 
an inner inserted at different levels. Its function is of course reproductive. 
The correlation between the two constituents is very low, namely, '1984 (see 
Table XVII), and is almost the same as that between the two whorls of the calyx. 
The inner whorl of the androecium shows greater variability than the outer whorl 
and tends to vary independently of this latter constituent, just as in the case of 
the two whorls of the calyx. 
Having thus considered the organs per se, let us now compare the correlations 
between each individual constituent or organ and all the other constituents or 
TABLE R. 
(d) Correlation Coefficients between the Outer Whorl 
of the Calyx and 
2n(l Component 
Table 
r. 
I. W. Ca. ... 
I 
•1957 
Co 
II 
•7275 
0. W. A. ... 
III 
■5886 
I. W. A. ... 
IV 
•2613 
A 
V 
•4371 
