H. Waite 
433 
(c^) The differentiation of types in the two hands, in particular the large excess 
of whorls in the right hand and of arches in the left thumb. 
(e) Where there is any significant difference in the means, standard deviations 
and coefficients of variation in the numbers of ridges in the loops of the two hands 
those quantities are always greater for the right hand than for the left. 
(_/) The relationship between digits of the same name on opposite hands is 
closer than that between any others; the digits of the left hand are more closely 
related than those of the right; and two consecutive digits, whether on the same 
or on opposite hands, are generally more closely related than others which are more 
widely separated. The relationship between the thumb and any other digit is less 
close than that of any pair nut including the thumb. 
We may thus conclude that the left hand in its distribution of patterns is 
differentiated from the right and that individual fingers are associated in a differ- 
ential way with special types. We know that the right hand is differentiated from 
the left in use, and it would seem reasonable to suppose, even if we cannot account 
for the adaptation to use, that the finger-prints have been differentiated in accord- 
ance with this use differentiation. 
It may be suggested that the finger-prints if differentiated in accordance with 
diversity of use of the several fingers and of each hand follow a law of differ- 
entiated utility and not as the bones a law of maximum general utility of the 
finger. 
7, Correlation between the Classes of Finger-Prints. The object of this section 
is to obtain the associations between the various classes of prints and on the basis 
of these associations to enquire whether any Natural Order exists in which a 
certain degree of continuity may be assumed. For a complete investigation of this 
problem fifty-five Tables are necessary. They are : 
(a) 10 Tables of Classes for the Right Hand. 
(6) 10 „ „ „ Left Hand, 
(c) 25 „ „ „ Right against the Left Hand. 
{d) 10 „ „ both Hands together. 
These Tables are given in tlie Appendix, pp. 453 et seq. 
The correlation coefficients and the contingencies have been calculated for the 
whole of these Tables. For all the restricted Tables, I to XX, and XLVI to LV, 
and in certain of the remaining Tables where the results of the other two methods 
are widely divergent, the correlation ratio has also been found. In these cases 
I have obtained rj in both directions, the values of rj given in Tables 8 and 9 being 
the square root of the product of the two rj's for each Table*. 
* The arithmetic instead of the geometric mean might have been taken, and there would not have 
been very marked diSerences. But the geometric mean has the advantage of a symmetrical value, i.e. 
which has certain analogies with a coefficient of correlation. 
