Alice Lee 
541 
between phthisis deaths and total pauperism. On the other hand, England with 
Wales is tending to a value at least approaching to the crude correlation. We 
have therefore this noteworthy result : England with Wales starts with a con- 
siderable value and concludes with an equally great value, Scotland starts with 
a high value and ends with a zero value, Ireland starts with an insignificant value 
TABLE IV. 
Relation between Total Pauperism (pr) and Deaths from Phthisis {(f)). 
England with Wales 
Scotland 
Ireland 
Crude values 
Ai 
Ai! 
As 
A4 
As 
+ •577 + -073 
-•095 + -134 
+ -174±-151 
+ •286 + -158 
+ •347 + ^163 
+ •413 + ^164 
+ •780 ±-043 
+ •025+^135 
+ '025 + ^156 
+ •012 + ^172 
+ •033 + -185 
+ •027 + -198 
+ •070+^109 
+ •164 + -132 
+ ^144 + -152 
+ •131 + •leg 
+ ^110fl83 
+ •0901^196 
and ends with an insignificant value. If pauperism were causative of phthisis, it 
is hard to believe that this would not manifest itself in the Scottish and Irish 
returns ; these negative any such hypothesis. It would appear that there are 
essential differences in the treatment of pauperism in the three countries. I 
suggest, but I cannot demonstrate the view, that phthisis itself leads to pauperism 
in England, i.e. that the relatives of the phthisical breadwinner more often are 
allowed to become paupers in England than in the sister countries. In other 
words, that the only organic relationship between pauperism and phthisis we have 
been able to discover may be due to a relatively harsh treatment in England of 
the dependents of the phthisical. 
To show how effectively the variate difference correlation method removes 
time influence, we may note that we correlated total population (P) with total 
pauperism (p^) and total phthisis deaths ((f)) with total population by this method, 
with a view to ascertaining whether the relation between and (f> would be 
modified, if we determined it for constant population. 
The following results were reached : 
TABLE IV**^. England luith Wales. 
Total Population 
and 
Total Pauperism 
(P and 
Total Population 
and 
Phthisis Deaths 
(P and <p) 
Crude values 
Ai 
A2 
A3 
4 
- -674+ -060 
+ -457 ± -107 
- -016+ -156 
- -022 +^171 
- -031 + -185 
- -950 ± -Oil 
- -039+ -135 
-•205+ -149 
- ^0891 •no 
+ •002+ •IBS 
69—2 
